粉末冶金法制备铝基碳化硼复合材料的研究进展

陈锦; 熊宁; 葛启录; 王铁军; 蔡静

doi:10.19591/j.cnki.cn11-1974/tf.2019.06.010

粉末冶金法制备铝基碳化硼复合材料的研究进展

doi: 10.19591/j.cnki.cn11-1974/tf.2019.06.010

陈锦^{1, 2, ,},
熊宁¹,
葛启录¹,
王铁军^{1, 2},
蔡静²

1.
钢铁研究总院, 北京 100081
2.
安泰核原新材料科技有限公司, 涿州 072750

详细信息

通讯作者:
陈锦, E-mail: chenjin@atmcn.com

中图分类号: TG146.2
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- 文章访问数: 357
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- PDF下载量: 49
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-11-12
- 刊出日期: 2019-12-27

Research on powder metallurgy process for preparing aluminum matrix boron carbide composites

CHEN Jin^{1, 2
, ,},
XIONG Ning¹,
GE Qi-lu¹,
WANG Tie-jun^{1, 2},
CAI Jing²

1.
Central Iron & Steel Research Institute, Beijing 100081, China
2.
Antai-heyuan Nuclear Energy Technology & Materials Co., Ltd., Zhuozhou 072750, China

More Information

Corresponding author: CHEN Jin, E-mail: chenjin@atmcn.com

摘要

摘要: 本文归纳了粉末冶金法制备铝基碳化硼复合材料的制备工艺, 主要包含混料、压制、烧结、变形等工艺环节; 对铝基碳化硼复合材料主要性能及影响因素做了阐述, 重点整理了材料均匀性、相对密度、力学性能的研究情况; 总结了工程用铝基碳化硼材料的生产及使用情况, 分析几种常见铝基碳化硼产品的特点; 提出采用粉末冶金法生产大尺寸、高品质、低成本的铝基碳化硼材料是未来研究方向之一的观点, 并阐述了工艺优化方案。在核电等相关产业的带动下, 中国有望成为全球铝基碳化硼复合材料生产和研究中心。
- 粉末冶金法 /
- 铝基复合材料 /
- 碳化硼 /
- 中子吸收材料
Abstract: The preparation processes of aluminum matrix boron carbide composites made by powder metallurgy are summarized, those mainly include mixing, pressing, sintering, deformation, et al. The main performance of Al-B₄C composites and its in fluence factors are introduced. The uniformity, relative density and mechanical properties of the material are studied. The production and application of Al-B₄C composites are also introduced. The characteristics of several types of Al-B₄C composites are described. The process optimization scheme is set forth to produce large size, high quality and low cost Al-B₄C composites by powder metallurgy.China is expected to become one of the production and research centers of Al-B₄C composites, with the development of nuclear power and other related industries.
- powder metallurgy /
- aluminum matrix composites /
- boron carbide /
- neutron absorber material

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图 1 经1100 K烧结160 h制备的Al‒B₄C显微形貌^[8]

Figure 1. SEM photograph of Al‒B₄C sample reacted at 1100 K for 160 h^[8]

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图 2 B‒C‒Al等温截面图（1273 K）^[8]

Figure 2. Al‒B‒C isothermal section at 1273 K^[8]

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图 3 B₄C和Al反应差热分析曲线^[9]

Figure 3. Differential thermal analysis curve for the reaction of B₄C and Al^[9]

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图 4 B₄C和Al反应产物X射线衍射谱^[9]

Figure 4. X-ray diffraction spectrum of B₄C and Al reaction product^[9]

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图 5 Al‒31%B₄C板材（3 mm × 200 mm × 5000 mm）^[11]

Figure 5. Al‒31%B₄C flats(3 mm × 200 mm × 5000 mm)^[11]

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图 6 Al‒31%B₄C板材金相照片^[11]

Figure 6. Metallograph of Al‒31%B₄C flats

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图 7 热压工艺对Al‒B₄C相对密度的影响

Figure 7. Effects of hot-pressing on the relative density of Al‒B₄C composites

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图 8 B₄C质量分数对Al‒B₄C相对密度的影响

Figure 8. Effect of B₄C mass fraction on the relative density of Al‒B₄C composites

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图 9 BORAL®的横截面微观照片^[20]

Figure 9. Microphotograph of the Trimmed Edge of BORAL®^[20]

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图 10 BORAL®样品的表面起泡^[20]

Figure 10. Blisters in BORAL® Coupon Manufactured in the 1990s^[20]

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图 11 Al‒31%B₄C板材（3 mm × 190 mm × 4370 mm）

Figure 11. Al‒31%B₄C flats (3 mm × 190 mm × 4370 mm)

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图 12 乏燃料格架

Figure 12. Spent fuel storage rack

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表 1 含不同质量分数B₄C的复合材料密度^{[11, 15‒16]}

Table 1. Density of Al-B₄C composite with different mass fraction of B₄C^{[11, 15‒16]}

材料	B₄C质量分数/ %	工艺	密度，ρ / (g·cm-³)		相对密度/ %
材料	B₄C质量分数/ %	工艺	理论值，ρ_理	测量值，ρ_测	相对密度/ %
铝基碳化硼复合材料	10	①	2.681	2.624	97.8
	20		2.662	2.596	97.5
	30		2.643	2.582	97.4
	40		2.592	2.520	97.2
	30	②	2.643	2.640	99.87
	31	③	2.641	2.638	99.9
注：工艺①为热压（500~620 ℃）+ 轧制+ T6；工艺②为热压（530 ℃）+ T6；工艺③为热等静压工艺

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表 2 B₄C‒Al板拉伸性能^[16‒17]

Table 2. Tensile properties of Al‒B₄C plates^[16‒17]

材料	B₄C质量分数/ %	工艺	抗拉强度/ MPa	屈服强度/ MPa	断后延伸率/ %
6061Al	0	①	310	270	15.0
6061Al‒B₄C	10	①	295	250	8.8
6061Al‒B₄C	20	①	271	224	4.0
6061Al‒B₄C	30	①	255	186	3.2
6061Al‒B₄C	40	①	232	163	2.0
包壳包覆Al‒B₄C	30	②	167	139	5.0
6061Al‒B₄C	31	③	302	197	3.2
注：工艺①为热压（500~620 ℃）+ 轧制+ T6；工艺②为铝壳包覆+ 轧制；工艺③为热等静压（500 ℃ + 轧制）

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