High velocity compaction simulation and dynamic mechanical analysis of particles based on discrete element method
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摘要: 采用三维离散单元法对高速压制条件下铝粉颗粒的动态响应进行了数值模拟，并与实验结果进行对比分析。结果表明，数值模拟与实验所测得的结果基本相同；在高速压制过程中，粉体的扰动呈不规则的弧形分布；在压制初期，会出现整体受力不均匀的现象，随着压制的进行，不均匀现象得到改善，粉体表现出较强的自组织性；在单次加载过程中，颗粒会发生多次碰撞；在致密化阶段，上层的部分颗粒会先发生变形并重排，中下层颗粒以重排为主；进入变形阶段后，所有颗粒的受力情况基本相同。Abstract: Three-dimensional discrete element method (DEM) was applied to simulate the dynamic response of aluminum powders under the high velocity compaction (HVC), and the results were compared with the experimental data. In the results, the numerical simulation is basically the same as the experiment results. The powder disturbance shows the irregular arc distribution during the high velocity compaction. There will be an uneven phenomenon of overall force in the initial stage of compaction; as the compaction keeps going, the uneven problem will be improved, and the powders exhibit the strong self-organization. In the single-pass loading process, the particle impact will occur repeatedly; in the densification stage, the upper particles will deform and rearrange, and the middle and lower layers will be dominated by the granular rearrangement; in the deformation stage, the force of all the particles is basically the same.
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图 2 软球模型对颗粒间接触力的简化处理：(a)法向力；(b)切向力
Figure 2. Simplified model of the soft ball model for the contact force between particles: (a) normal force; (b) tangential force
图 6 颗粒速度分布云图：（a）1500时步；（b）2920时步；（c）3240时步
Figure 6. Particle (ball) velocity mag: (a) 1500 time step; (b) 2920 time step; (c) 3240 time step
图 8 左侧颗粒波形图纵向对比：（a）第一列；（b）第二列；（c）第三列
Figure 8. Vertical comparison of particle waveforms on the left: (a) the first column; (b) the second column; (c) the third column
图 9 颗粒波形图横向对比：（a）第一行；（b）第三行；（c）第五行
Figure 9. Horizontal comparison of particle waveforms: (a) the first row; (b) the second row; (c) the third row
图 10 各层颗粒在Z轴方向受力的横向对比：（a）第一层；（b）第三层；（c）第五层
Figure 10. Horizontal comparison of particle contact force in the Z axis direction in each layer: (a) the first floor; (b) the second floor; (c) the third floor
表 1 模拟中使用的主要参数
Table 1. Main parameters used in the simulation
材料密度/ (kg·m-3) 颗粒直径/ mm 颗粒间摩擦系数 模壁摩擦系数 刚度系数 冲击速度/ (m·s-1) 2700 0.15 0.3 0.1 108 10 
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