Effect of two phase mass ratio on the microstructure and mechanical properties of duplex stainless steel fabricated by powder metallurgy
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摘要: 将316L奥氏体不锈钢粉末与430铁素体不锈钢粉末分别按照80:20、65:35、50:50质量比混合, 采用冷等静压成型方法制备了双相不锈钢, 研究了奥氏体和铁素体起始粉末质量比对双相不锈钢组织结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明: 当奥氏体和铁素体起始粉末质量比为65:35, 烧结温度1350℃, 保温时间60min时, 双相不锈钢综合力学性能较好, 其中, 抗拉强度为847MPa, 屈服强度为281MPa, 硬度为HV207, 断后伸长率为37.5%。Abstract: Duplex stainless steels were fabricated by the cold isostatic pressing using the 316L austenite stainless steel powders and 430 ferrite stainless steel powders mixed by the mass ratio of 80:20, 65:35, and 50:50, respectively. The effect of the primary powder mass ratio of austenite to ferrite on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the duplex stainless steels were studied. The results show that, when the primary powder mass ratio of austenite to ferrite is 65:35, the sintering temperature is 1350℃, and the holding time is 60 min, the duplex stainless steels have the better comprehensive mechanical properties with the tensile strength of 847 MPa, the hardness of HV 207, the yield strength of 281 MPa, and the elongation of 37.5%.
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Key words:
- cold isostatic pressing /
- duplex stainless steel /
- microstructure /
- mechanical properties
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图 1 不锈钢烧结温度与相对密度的关系
Figure 1. Relationship between the sintering temperature and relative density of the stainless steels
图 2 真空烧结双相不锈钢的金相显微组织：(a)80A;(b)65A;(c)50A
Figure 2. Metallographic microstructure of the duplex stainless steels sintered in vacuum: (a)8 0 A; (b)65A;(c)50A
图 3 真空烧结双相不锈钢的X射线衍射图谱
Figure 3. X-ray diffraction pattern of the duplex stainless steels sintered in vacuum
图 4 不锈钢拉伸断口显微形貌：(a)316L;(b)430;(c)80A;(d)65A;(e)50A
Figure 4. Tensile fracture images of stainless steels: (a)316L;(b)430;(c)80A;(d)65A;(e)50A
表 1 原料粉末及不同质量比混合粉末的化学成分（质量分数）
Table 1. Chemical compositions of the raw powders and the mixed powders by the different mass ratio
% 材料 Cr Ni Mo Mn Si Fe 316L 17.21 11.74 2.23 — 0.89 余量 430 17.24 — — 0.20 0.96 余量 80A 17.22 9.39 1.78 0.04 0.90 余量 65A 17.22 7.63 1.45 0.07 0.91 余量 50A 17.23 5.87 1.12 0.10 0.93 余量 注：80A代表该不锈钢粉末是由质量分数为80%316L不锈钢粉末和20%430不锈钢粉末组成，65A、50A同理。 
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表 2 烧结不锈钢的力学性能
Table 2. Mechanical properties of the sintered stainless steels
材料 抗拉强度/MPa 屈服强度/MPa 断后伸长率/% 硬度，HV 316L 582 240 48.5 132 430 499 333 30.7 163 80A 675 254 61.5 156 65A 847 281 37.5 207 50A 1008 426 12.3 292
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