Microstructure and mechanical properties of Fe–Co–Ni based superalloy prepared by hot isostatic pressing
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摘要: 以气雾化（gas atomization，GA）粉末为原料，采用热等静压（hot isostatic pressing，HIP）致密化烧结工艺制备Fe18Ni23Co25Cr21Mo8WNbC2铁钴镍基高温合金，研究热等静压温度对致密化Fe18Ni23Co25Cr21Mo8WNbC2粉末高温合金金相组织、力学性能和断口形貌的影响。结果表明：热等静压技术制备的高温合金致密化程度很高，烧结体由（Fe，Ni）固溶体相和弥散分布的M6C碳化物强化相组成；热等静压温度为950~1050 ℃时，烧结体的密度、力学性能随着热等静压烧结温度的提高而提高；当热等静压温度达到1100 ℃时，致密化烧结体晶粒组织明显长大，其力学拉伸性能降低；致密化烧结体的室温拉伸断口以穿晶断裂为主，局部区域晶粒被拉伸开裂，650 ℃高温断口为穿晶断裂和沿晶断裂的混合形貌，基体相存在沿应力方向被拉长的韧窝。Abstract: The Fe-Co-Ni based superalloys (Fe18Ni23Co25Cr21Mo8WNbC2) were prepared by the hot isostatic pressing (HIP), using the gas atomization powders as the raw material, and the effects of HIP temperatures on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and fracture morphology of the densified Fe18Ni23Co25Cr21Mo8WNbC2 superalloys were studied. The results show that, the HIPed superalloys have the high densification degree, and the sintered superalloys are composed of the (Fe, Ni) solidsolution phase and the dispersed M6C carbide strengthening phase. With the increase of sintering temperature from 950 ℃ to 1050 ℃, the density and mechanical properties of the HIPed sintered superalloys increase. When the HIP temperature reaches 1100 ℃, the grains of the densified sintered superalloys grow significantly and the mechanical tensile properties decrease. The tensile fracture of the densified sintered superalloys at room-temperature is mainly transgranular, and the grains in the local area are stretched and cracked. The tensile fracture of the densified sintered superalloys at 650 ℃ is a mixture of the transgranular and intergranular fracture, and the dimples in matrix are elongated along the direction of stress.
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图 1 气雾化预合金粉末显微形貌：(a)放大500倍；(b)放大1000倍
Figure 1. Microstructures of the prealloyed powders by gas atomization: (a) ×500; (b) ×1000
图 2 热等静压烧结体显微组织形貌：(a)放大1000倍；(b)放大5000倍
Figure 2. Microstructures of the HIPed sintering alloys: (a) ×1000; (b) ×5000
图 3 预合金粉末和热等静压烧结体的X射线衍射图谱
Figure 3. XRD spectra of the prealloyed powders and the HIPed sintering alloys
图 4 不同烧结温度下热等静压烧结体的金相组织：(a)900 ℃；(b)1000 ℃；(c)1050 ℃；(d)1100 ℃
Figure 4. Microstructures of the HIPed sintering alloys at different sintering temperatures: (a) 900 ℃; (b) 1000 ℃; (c) 1050 ℃; (d) 1100 ℃
图 5 不同烧结温度下热等静压烧结体的密度
Figure 5. Density of the HIPed sintering alloys at different sintering temperatures
图 6 经过不同热等静压烧结温度制备的试样在室温条件下的力学性能
Figure 6. Mechanical properties at room-temperature of the sample prepared by HIP at different sintering temperatures
图 7 经过不同热等静压烧结温度制备的试样在650 ℃高温条件下的力学性能
Figure 7. Mechanical properties at 650 ℃ of the sample prepared by HIP at different sintering temperatures
图 8 经过不同热等静压烧结温度制备的试样在室温和650 ℃高温拉伸断口形貌：(a)烧结温度1050 ℃，室温；(b)烧结温度1050 ℃，高温；(c)烧结温度1100 ℃，室温；(d)烧结温度1100 ℃，高温
Figure 8. Tension fracture morphology at room temperature and 650 ℃ of the samples prepared by HIP at different sintering temperatures: (a) 1050 ℃, room temperature; (b) 1050 ℃, high temperature; (c) 1100 ℃, room temperature; (d) 1100 ℃, high temperature
表 1 铁镍基合金粉末化学成分(质量分数)
Table 1. Chemical composition of the Fe–Co–Ni based alloy powders
% Fe Ni Co Cr Mo W Nb C 其余 14.18 20.36 23.41 17.80 11.82 4.32 3.25 0.45 4.41 
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