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摘要: 以九水硝酸铁（Fe（NO3）3·9H2O）为铁源，无水乙醇和乙二胺为表面活性剂，采用水热法制备了纳米氧化铁（Fe2O3纳米棒），通过扫描电子显微镜观察分析了Fe2O3纳米棒形貌，研究了（Fe（NO3）3·9H2O）质量分数及反应温度对Fe2O3纳米棒颗粒尺寸的影响。结果表明，纳米棒的长度和宽度分别约为500～600 nm和50～60 nm；在160～220 ℃范围内，温度对Fe2O3纳米棒形貌的影响不显著；在一定范围内提高铁源质量分数可使纳米棒颗粒尺寸变小。Fe2O3纳米棒的形成机理为：铁源在强碱性的溶液中反应生成棕黄色絮状沉淀α-FeOOH，该沉淀在高温高压的环境中，在乙二胺作用下脱水形成Fe2O3纳米棒。Abstract: The nano-sized iron oxide (Fe2O3 nano-rods) was prepared by hydrothermal method with Fe(NO3)3·9H2O as the iron source, using anhydrous ethanol and ethylenediamine as the surfactant. The morphology of the Fe2O3 nano-rods was observed and analyzed by scanning electron microscope, and the effects of the Fe(NO3)3·9H2O mass fraction and the reaction temperature on the particle size of Fe2O3 nano-rods were studied. The results show that, the length and width of the Fe2O3 nano-rods are about 500～600 nm and 50～60 nm, respectively. The effect of temperature on the Fe2O3 nano-rod morphology is not significant at 160～220 ℃. The increase of iron source mass fraction in a certain range decreases the particle size of Fe2O3 nano-rods. The formation mechanism of the Fe2O3 nano-rods is as follows: the iron source reacts in the strongly alkaline solution to form the brown-yellow flocculent precipitated α-FeOOH, which is dehydrated to form the Fe2O3 nano-rods under the influence of ethylenediamine in a high temperature and high pressure environment.
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Key words:
- iron oxide /
- hydrothermal method /
- nano-rod /
- morphology
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图 1 纳米氧化铁显微形貌：（a）颗粒形状；（b）断面形貌
Figure 1. SEM images of the nano-rod iron oxide: (a) particle images; (b) fracture images
图 2 采用不同质量Fe(NO3)3·9H2O制备出的纳米氧化铁样品显微形貌：（a）2 g；（b）3 g；（c）4 g；（d）5 g
Figure 2. SEM images of the nano-rod iron oxide samples with different Fe(NO3)3·9H2O addition: (a) 2 g; (b) 3 g; (c) 4 g; (d) 5 g
图 3 在不同反应温度下制备的纳米氧化铁样品显微形貌：（a）160 ℃；（b）180 ℃；（c）200 ℃；（d）220 ℃
Figure 3. SEM images of the nano-rod iron oxide samples at different temperatures: (a) 160 ℃; (b) 180 ℃; (c) 200 ℃; (d) 220 ℃
图 5 不同温度下制取纳米氧化铁样品的X射线衍射图谱
Figure 5. XRD patterns of the nano-rod iron oxide samples prepared at different temperatures
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