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摘要: 纳米金刚石具有金刚石和纳米材料的双重特性，由于心部–表面的sp3/sp2杂化结构以及丰富的表面悬键和官能团，使其在研磨抛光、减磨润滑、复合材料强化、药物载体、荧光吸收等领域有着广阔的应用前景。纳米金刚石多以数百纳米尺度的颗粒团聚，需要采用各种手段和方法分散至不同的液相体系中加以应用。本文对国内外纳米金刚石分散方法进行了总结，研究和分析了机械法、无机化学法、高能量场处理法以及表面有机化学改性法等分散手段的原理及特点。Abstract: Nanodiamond has the dual characteristics of the diamond and the nano-materials. Due to the sp3/sp2 hybrid structure of core and surface and the abundant surface dangling bonds and functional groups, the nanodiamond shows the broad application in the fields of lapping and polishing, antifriction and lubrication, composite material reinforcement, drug delivery, and fluorescence absorption. The nanodiamond particles agglomerate in hundreds of nanometers and need to be dispersed into the different liquid phase systems by various means. The research on the dispersion methods of the nanodiamond was summarized at home and abroad in this paper, and the principle and characteristics of the dispersion methods as the mechanical method, the inorganic chemical method, the high energy field treatment, and the surface organic chemical modification were analysed.
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图 1 单个纳米金刚石颗粒结构示意图：（a）氧化纯化后单个粒径约5 nm的纳米金刚石结构；（b）sp2碳形成链和石墨斑；（c）纳米金刚石表面原子含氧官能团；（d）由高度有序金刚石核心组成的纳米金刚石[8]
Figure 1. Structure schematic diagram of the single nanodiamond particle: (a) the single nanodiamond structure with the paticle size of 5 nm after oxidative purification; (b) the sp2 carbon chains and the graphitic patches; (c) the oxygen-containing groups on the atom surfaces of nanodiamond; (d) the nanodiamond made up of the highly ordered diamond core[8]
图 3 酸洗纳米金刚石示意图：（a）纳米金刚石颗粒表面的羧基–COOH双电层；（b）纳米金刚石颗粒在Fe2+作用下连接单个颗粒形成的桥接引起团聚[21]
Figure 3. Schematic diagram of the acid pickling for the dispersion of nanodiamonds: (a) the double electric layer formation of carboxyl–COOH at the nanodiamond particle surface; (b) the agglomeration by bridge bonding in the presence of iron ions of the nanodiamond particle[21]
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