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摘要: 采用水热法制备了核壳结构的碳包覆CdS纳米颗粒（CdS@C），利用X射线衍射、高分辨透射电子显微镜和光谱仪研究了碳包覆层对CdS@C的微观结构与光学性能影响。结果表明，碳包覆CdS纳米颗粒具有明显的核壳结构，内核为六方纤锌矿结构CdS，外壳为碳层。颗粒形貌主要为球形或椭球形结构，粒度均匀，分散性良好，粒径分布在20～60 nm范围，平均粒径为35 nm，外壳碳层的厚度为5 nm。光致发光光谱显示碳包覆CdS的发光强度比纯CdS弱，Raman光谱表明碳包覆CdS样品中碳包覆层的石墨化程度较低，傅里叶变换红外光谱表明纯CdS和碳包覆CdS样品的吸收峰位基本相近，紫外‒可见吸收光谱表明碳包覆CdS纳米晶提高了可见光吸收强度，能隙变窄，发生了红移现象。Abstract: Carbon encapsulated CdS nanoparticles with the core-shell structure were successfully prepared by hydrothermal method, and the influences of carbon coating layer on the microstructure and optical properties of CdS@C were investigated by X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscope, and spectroscope. The results show that, the carbon encapsulated CdS nanoparticles have the obvious core-shell structure, the inner core is CdS with the hexagonal wurtzite structure, and the outer shell is carbon layer. The particle morphology is mainly spherical or ellipsoidal shape with the uniform particle size and good dispersion, the particle size distribution is in the range of 20～60 nm, the average particle size is 35 nm, and the thickness of carbon layer is about 5 nm. Photoluminescence spectra show that the luminescence intensity of the carbon encapsulated CdS is weaker than that of the pure CdS, the Raman spectra reveal that the carbon coating layer shows the low graphitization degree in the carbon encapsulated CdS samples, the Fourier transform infrared spectra show that the absorption peaks of the pure CdS and the carbon encapsulated CdS samples are basically similar. The ultraviolet visible spectra indicate that the carbon encapsulated CdS nanocrystals enhance the absorption intensity of the visible light, narrow the energy gap, and result in the red shift.
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Key words:
- carbon-encapsulated /
- CdS /
- core-shell structure /
- microstructure /
- optical properties
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图 2 CdS样品的高分辨透射电子显微形貌（a）和粒径分布（b）
Figure 2. HRTEM images (a) and the particle size distribution (b) of the CdS samples
图 3 碳包覆CdS样品的高分辨透射电子显微图形貌（a）和粒径分布（b）
Figure 3. HRTEM images (a) and the particle size distribution (b) of the CdS@C samples
图 4 碳包覆CdS样品的高分辨透射电子显微图形貌（a）和选区电子衍射（b）
Figure 4. HRTEM images (a) and the selected area electron diffraction pattern (b) of the CdS@C samples
表 1 CdS和CdS@C样品的X射线衍射测算结果
Table 1. XRD results of CdS and CdS@C samples
样品 2θ / (°) 半峰宽 晶面间距 / nm 晶粒尺寸 / nm 晶格常数 / nm CdS 26.642 0.398 0.334 20.28 a=41.096，c=66.812 CdS@C 26.576 0.487 0.335 16.57 a=41.007，c=67.547 
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