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摘要: 为了克服金属陶瓷两相分布不均、界面不润湿和难以烧结致密等难题，采用球磨技术将增强相均匀包裹在基体材料表面，研究包裹型SiO2/Al复合粉体的球磨制备工艺及其烧结性能，提高金属陶瓷的综合性能。结果表明，随着球磨时间的延长，SiO2/Al复合粉体的比表面积先增大后减小，球磨6 h获得的复合粉体比表面积最大，达到8.1 m2·g−1。随着球料比的增大，SiO2/Al复合粉体的比表面积先增大后减小，说明SiO2包裹在Al粉表面的量呈现先增多再减少的趋势。随着球磨转速的增大，SiO2/Al复合粉体比表面积先增大后减小。随着烧结温度的提高，SiO2/Al金属陶瓷表面硬度先增高后降低，在烧结温度为900 ℃时，SiO2/Al金属陶瓷的表面硬度达到最高。球磨时间为6 h，球料比为2:1，球磨转速为360 r·min−1，烧结温度900 ℃可以获得性能较佳的SiO2/Al金属陶瓷。Abstract: To overcome the difficulty in the uniform phase distribution, wetting interface, and sintering densification of the cermets, the reinforced phases were uniformly wrapped and distributed on the surface of the base materials by ball-milling technology to improve the comprehensive performance of the cermets. The ball milling parameters and sintering properties of the coated SiO2/Al composite powders were investigated in this paper. The results show that, the specific surface area of the SiO2/Al composite powders increases first and then decreases with the extension of the milling time, and the specific surface area of the SiO2/Al composite powders shows the largest and reaches 8.1 m2·g−1 by ball milling for 6 h. The specific surface area of the SiO2/Al composite powders increases first and then decreases with the increase of the ball-to-material ratio, indicating that the SiO2 content coated on the surface of Al powders increases first and then decreases. With the increase of milling speed, the specific surface area of the SiO2/Al composite powders increases first and then decreases. With the increase of sintering temperature, the surface hardness of the SiO2/Al cermets increases first and then decreases. When the sintering temperature is 900 ℃, the surface hardness of the SiO2/Al cermets reaches the highest. The better properties of the SiO2/Al cermets are obtained when the ball milling time is 6 h, the ball-to-materials ratio is 2:1, the ball milling speed is 360 r·min−1, and the sintering temperature is 900 ℃.
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Key words:
- cermets /
- sintering properties /
- composite powders /
- ball milling /
- specific surface area
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图 1 球磨时间对SiO2/Al复合粉体比表面积的影响
Figure 1. Effect of the ball milling time on the specific surface area of SiO2/Al composite powders
图 2 不同球磨时间Al粉及SiO2/Al复合粉体的显微形貌：（a）0 h；（b）6 h；（c）12 h；（d）18 h
Figure 2. Microstructures of the Al powders and the SiO2/Al composite powders by the different ball milling times: (a) 0 h; (b) 6 h; (c) 12 h; (d) 18 h
图 3 球料比对SiO2/Al复合粉体比表面积的影响
Figure 3. Effect of the ball-to-material ratio on the specific surface area of SiO2/Al composite powders
图 4 不同球料比情况下SiO2/Al复合粉体的显微形貌：（a）3:1；（b）2:1；（c）1:1
Figure 4. Microstructures of the SiO2/Al composite powders using the different ball-to-material ratio: (a) 3:1; (b) 2:1; (c) 1:1
图 5 球磨转速对SiO2/Al复合粉体比表面积的影响
Figure 5. Effect of the rotating speed on the specific surface area of SiO2/Al composite powders
图 6 不同球磨转速下SiO2/Al复合粉体的显微形貌：（a）240 r·min−1；（b）360 r·min−1；（c）480 r·min−1
Figure 6. Microstructures of the SiO2/Al composite powders using the different ball milling speed: (a) 240 r·min−1; (b) 360 r·min−1; (c) 480 r·min−1
图 7 烧结温度对SiO2/Al金属陶瓷相对密度和表面硬度的影响
Figure 7. Effect of the sintering temperature on the relative density and surface hardness of the SiO2/Al cermets
图 8 烧结温度对SiO2/Al金属陶瓷表面宏观形貌的影响：（a）800 ℃；（b）900 ℃；（c）1000 ℃
Figure 8. Effect of the sintering temperature on the surface macroscopic morphology of the SiO2/Al cermets: (a) 800 ℃; (b) 900 ℃; (c) 1000 ℃
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