Effects of rare earth element Y on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 2A12 aluminum alloy prepared by powder metallurgy method
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摘要: 在铝合金粉末中添加质量分数为0、0.2%、0.4%及0.6%的稀土元素Y, 利用粉末冶金法制备2A12铝合金。通过金相组织观察、X射线衍射分析、扫描电子显微形貌表征、能谱分析及力学性能测试等手段, 研究了稀土元素Y对粉末冶金2A12铝合金组织和性能的影响, 总结了Y在铝合金中的分布特征。结果表明, 当稀土元素Y的质量分数为0.2%时, 2A12铝合金抗拉强度最高, 塑性最好; 添加Y可以抑制铝合金晶粒在烧结过程中的长大; 稀土元素Y主要以YAl相、Cu2Y相和YAl2相的形式分布在基体晶界处, 少量Y固溶在铝基体中。Abstract: The 2A12 aluminum alloys were prepared by powder metallurgy technology with the addition of rare earth element Y in the mass fraction of 0, 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.6% in this study. The effects of Y addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 2A12 aluminum alloy were investigated by the metallographic analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy spectrum analysis, and mechanical properties tests, and the distribution characteristics of Y in aluminum alloy were studied. The results show that, when the mass fraction of rare earth element Y is 0.2%, the 2A12 alloys achieve the highest tensile strength and the best plasticity. The Y addition can inhibit the grain growth of aluminum alloy during sintering. In addition, most of Y is distributed in the grain boundary of aluminium matrix as YAl, Cu2Y, and YAl2, and a small part of Y is dissolved into the aluminum matrix.
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Key words:
- rare earth /
- aluminum alloys /
- microstructure /
- mechanical properties /
- powder metallurgy
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图 1 添加不同质量分数Y元素的粉末冶金铝合金X射线衍射图
Figure 1. XRD patterns of aluminum alloys added with Y in different mass fraction prepared by powder metallurgy
图 2 Y质量分数对铝合金金相组织的影响：(a)试样1;(b)试样2;(c)试样3;(d)试样4
Figure 2. Effect of Y addition by mass on the metallographic structure of aluminum alloys: (a)sample 1;(b)sample 2;(c)sample 3;(d)sample 4
图 3 Y质量分数对铝合金组织的影响：(a)试样1;(b)试样2;(c)试样3;(d)试样4
Figure 3. Effect of Y addition by mass on the microstructure of aluminum alloy: (a)sample 1;(b)sample 2;(c)sample 3;(d)sample 4
图 4 试样4能谱分析：(a)试样4显微形貌；(b)位置1能谱分析；(c)位置2能谱分析；(d)位置3能谱分析
Figure 4. EDS spectrum of sample 4:: (a)SEM image of sample 4;(b)EDS spectrum of zone 1;(c)EDS spectrum of zone 2;(d)EDS spectrum of zone 3
图 5 添加不同质量分数Y元素的粉末冶金铝合金室温拉伸性能
Figure 5. Tensile properties of the aluminum alloys added with Y in different mass fraction prepared by powder metallurgy at room temperature
图 6 添加不同质量分数Y元素的粉末冶金铝合金室温拉伸断口形貌：(a)试样1;(b)试样2;(c)试样3;(d)试样4
Figure 6. Tensile fracture morphology of the aluminum alloys added with Y in different mass fraction prepared by powder metallurgy at room temperature: (a)sample 1;(b)sample 2;(c)sample 3;(d)sample 4
图 7 试样2热处理后合金拉伸断口形貌
Figure 7. Tensile fracture morphology of sample 2 after heat treatment
表 1 合金化学成分(质量分数)
Table 1. Chemical composition of alloys by mass
% 试样编号 Cu Mg Mn Si Fe Y Al 1 4.02 1.62 0.03 0.10 0.08 0.0 余量 2 4.02 1.62 0.03 0.10 0.08 0.2 余量 3 4.02 1.62 0.03 0.10 0.08 0.4 余量 4 4.02 1.62 0.03 0.10 0.08 0.6 余量 
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