Effect of SiC on the microstructure and mechanical properties of aluminum matrix composites by in-situ synthesis
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摘要: 以铝粉、硅粉、石墨粉为原料, 通过冷压真空烧结原位合成了含不同质量分数SiC颗粒的SiC/Al-18Si复合材料。利用X射线衍射仪, 扫描电子显微镜和能谱分析仪等设备手段表征了铝基复合材料的相组成和微观结构, 研究了原位合成SiC对复合材料微观结构、抗弯强度和显微硬度的影响, 分析了复合材料力学性能的变化规律。结果表明: 复合材料的基体相为Al相, 第二相为Si相和SiC相; 原位合成的SiC颗粒弥散细小的分布在Al基体中, 其颗粒尺寸主要分布在0.2~2.8 μm, 具有亚微米、微米级的多尺度特性; 随着SiC质量分数的不断增加, 复合材料的显微硬度增大, 同时颗粒的平均尺寸仅由0.81 μm增大到1.13 μm, 但仍均匀分布, 正是这种尺寸稳定性, 使得SiC/Al-18Si复合材料硬度远大于Al-18Si; 当SiC质量分数为30%时, 材料的显微硬度最高, 达到HV 134, 相较于Al-18Si提高了88%。Abstract: SiC/Al-18Si composites with different SiC content by mass were in-situ synthesized by cold pressing and vacuum sintering, using aluminium powders, silicon powders, and graphite powders as raw materials. The phase composition and microstructures of the aluminum matrix composites were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy disperse spectroscope (EDS). The effect of SiC on the microstructure, flexural strength, and microhardness of the composites were analyzed, and the variation in mechanical properties of the composites was discussed. In the results, the matrix phase of the composites is Al phase and the second phases are Si and SiC phases. The fine SiC particles by in-situ synthesis with the size ranging from 0.2 to 2.8 μm can be dispersed in Al matrix, showing the multi-scale characteristics of micron and submicron. With the increase in SiC content by mass, the microhardness of SiC/Al-18Si composites increases; meanwhile, the average sizes of SiC particles increase from 0.81 to 1.13 μm, but the SiC particles are still uniformly distributed in Al matrix, making the microhardness of the SiC/Al-18Si composites much higher than that of Al-18Si. When the mass fraction of SiC is 30%, the microhardness of the SiC/Al-18Si composites is the highest (HV 134), which is 88% higher than that of Al-18Si.
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Key words:
- in-situ synthesis /
- SiC particles /
- aluminum matrix composites /
- microstructure /
- mechanical properties
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图 1 不同质量分数SiC/Al-18Si复合材料X射线衍射图谱：（a）10SiC/Al-18Si烧结前粉体；（b）烧结后10SiC/Al-18Si；（c）烧结后15SiC/Al-18Si；（d）烧结后20SiC/Al-18Si；（e）烧结后25SiC/Al-18Si；（f）烧结后30SiC/Al-18Si复合材料
Figure 1. XRD patterns of SiC/Al-18Si composites with different SiC content by mass: (a) 10SiC/Al-18Si powders before sintering; (b) 10SiC/Al-18Si after sintering; (c) 15SiC/Al-18Si after sintering; (d) 20SiC/Al-18Si after sintering; (e) 25SiC/Al-18Si after sintering; (f) 30SiC/Al-18Si after sintering
图 2 含不同质量分数SiC颗粒的SiC/Al-18Si复合材料扫描电子显微形貌：（a）、（b）10SiC/Al-18Si；（c）、（d）15SiC/Al-18Si；（e）、（f）20SiC/Al-18Si；（g）、（h）25SiC/Al-18Si；（i）、（j）30SiC/Al-18Si
Figure 2. SEM morphology of SiC/Al-18Si composites with different SiC content bymass: (a), (b) 10SiC/Al-18Si; (c), (d) 15SiC/Al-18Si; (e), (f) 20SiC/Al-18Si; (g), (h) 25SiC/Al-18Si; (i), (j) 30SiC/Al-18Si
图 3 10SiC/Al‒18Si显微形貌和能谱图：（a）显微形貌；（b）点1处能谱分析；（c）点2处能谱分析
Figure 3. SEM image and EDS spectrum of 10SiC/Al‒18Si: (a) SEM image; (b) EDS spectrum of spot 1; (c) EDS spectrum of spot 2
图 4 10SiC/Al-18Si面扫描分析：（a）显微形貌；（b）C元素分布；（c）Si元素分布；（d）Al元素分布
Figure 4. Map scanning analysis of 10SiC/Al-18Si: (a) SEM image; (b) distribution of element C; (c) distribution of element Si; (d) distribution of element Al
图 5 SiC/Al‒18Si复合材料中SiC颗粒尺寸分布；（a）10SiC/Al‒18Si；（b）20SiC/Al‒18Si；（c）30SiC/Al‒18Si
Figure 5. Size distribution of SiC particles in SiC/Al‒18Si composites: (a) 10SiC/Al‒18Si; (b) 20SiC/Al‒18Si; (c) 30SiC/Al‒18Si
图 6 含不同质量分数SiC颗粒的SiC/Al-18Si复合材料相对密度
Figure 6. Relative density of SiC/Al-18Si composites with different SiC content by mass
图 7 含不同质量分数SiC颗粒的SiC/Al-18Si复合材料抗弯强度
Figure 7. Bending strength of SiC/Al-18Si composites with different SiC content by mass
图 8 含不同质量分数SiC颗粒的SiC/Al-18Si复合材料显微硬度
Figure 8. Microhardness of SiC/Al-18Si composites with different SiC content by mass
图 9 含不同质量分数SiC颗粒的SiC/Al-18Si复合材料抗弯断口形貌：（a）10SiC/Al-18Si；（b）15SiC/Al-18Si；（c）20SiC/Al-18Si；（d）25SiC/Al-18Si；（e）30SiC/Al-18Si；（f）图9（e）局部放大图
Figure 9. Fracture morphology of SiC/Al-18Si composites with different SiC content by mass: (a) 10SiC/Al-18Si; (b) 15SiC/Al-18Si; (c) 20SiC/Al-18Si; (d) 25SiC/Al-18Si; (e) 30SiC/Al-18Si; (f) partial enlargement of Fig. 9(e)
表 1 不同质量分数SiC/Al-18Si中Al衍射峰和衍射峰半高宽的变化
Table 1. Al diffraction peaks and FWHM of the SiC/Al-18Si composites with different SiC content by mass
试样 衍射峰1，2θ/(°) 衍射峰1半高宽/(°) 衍射峰2，2θ/(°) 衍射峰3，2θ/(°) Al相标准值 38.47 — 44.73 65.13 10SiC/Al-18Si粉体 38.50 0.170 44.76 65.16 10SiC/Al-18Si 38.80 0.172 45.06 65.36 15SiC/Al-18Si 38.64 0.178 44.86 65.22 20SiC/Al-18Si 38.72 0.211 44.92 65.32 25SiC/Al-18Si 38.58 0.176 44.82 65.18 30SiC/Al-18Si 38.82 0.200 45.08 65.40 
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T/K GAl/(kJ·mol-1) GC/(kJ·mol-1) GSi/(kJ·mol-1) $G{}_{{\rm{A}}{{\rm{l}}_{\rm{4}}}{{\rm{C}}_{\rm{3}}}}$/ (kJ·mol-1) GSiC/(kJ·mol-1) $\Delta {G_{({\rm{4Al + 3C = A}}{{\rm{l}}_{\rm{4}}}{{\rm{C}}_{\rm{3}}})}}$/(kJ·mol-1) ΔG式2/(kJ·mol-1) 298 -8.44 -1.71 -5.61 -218.17 -78.17 -179.28 -33.27 400 -11.72 -2.45 -7.85 -230.79 -80.32 -176.56 -33.50 600 -20.01 -4.79 -13.85 -265.68 -87.01 -171.27 -33.84 800 -30.20 -8.25 -21.48 -311.37 -96.51 -165.82 -34.52 1000 -42.72 -12.70 -30.36 -365.67 -108.34 -156.69 -39.15 1200 -58.05 -18.01 -40.36 -427.17 -122.11 -140.94 -50.28 1400 -74.44 -24.09 -51.23 -494.90 -137.57 -124.87 -61.88 1600 -91.75 -30.83 -62.91 -568.16 -154.50 -108.67 -73.61 注：T为反应温度；Gi为反应中不同物质的吉布斯自由能，i代表反应中不同物质；ΔGj为不同反应吉布斯自由能，j代表不同反应。
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