Preparation and high temperature properties of new self-lubricating die materials
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摘要: 以铁镍基合金为基体, 添加硬质相Cr2O3及固体润滑剂CaF2, 利用粉末冶金工艺制备了高温自润滑热锻模具材料。采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜及显微硬度计, 研究了烧结工艺对铁镍基自润滑材料力学性能的影响, 分析了Cr2O3和CaF2对铁镍基自润滑材料烧结性能的影响, 并得到了最佳烧结工艺。结果表明: 当烧结工艺为1320℃、保温2 h时, 制备得到的铁镍基自润滑材料力学性能优越; 硬质相Cr2O3质量分数从0增加到30%, 试样相对密度下降4.0%, 硬度从HV 227.3增加到HV 342.8;固体润滑剂CaF2质量分数从0增加到10%, 试样相对密度和硬度均下降; 通过600℃摩擦磨损实验发现, 随CaF2质量分数的增加, 试样摩擦系数和磨损率先降低后升高; 当添加质量分数20% Cr2O3和8% CaF2时, 自润滑模具材料的综合性能最佳。Abstract: A new high-temperature self-lubricating die materials was prepared by powder metallurgy using Fe-Ni alloy as the base materials, Cr2O3 as the hard phase, and CaF2 as the solid lubricant. The effects of sintering process on the mechanical properties of Fe-Ni-based self-lubricating materials were investigated by X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, and microhardness tester, the influences of Cr2O3 and CaF2 on the sintering properties of the self-lubricating materials were studied, and the optimum sintering process was obtained. The results show that, the self-lubricating materials sintered at 1320℃ for 2 h exhibit the excellent mechanical properties. When the content of Cr2O3 by mass increases from 0 to 30%, the relative density of the sample decreases by 4.0%, and the hardness increases from HV 227.3 to HV 342.8. When the content of CaF2 by mass increases from 0 to 10%, the relative density and hardness of the sample gradually decrease. With the increase of CaF2 content by mass in the friction and wear test at 600℃, the friction coefficient and wear rate decrease first and then increase. The self-lubricating die materials show the best combination performances as the Cr2O3 content of 20% and the CaF2 content of 8% by mass.
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Key words:
- powder metallurgy technology /
- self-lubricating materials /
- sintering process /
- friction /
- wear
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图 1 不同烧结温度0#样品宏观烧结形貌
Figure 1. Macro-morphology of 0# sample sintered at different temperatures
图 2 不同烧结时间0#样品显微形貌（烧结温度1300 ℃）：（a）20 min；（b）60 min；（c）120 min；（d）180 min
Figure 2. Micro-morphology of 0# sample sintered for different times at 1300 ℃: (a) 20 min; (b) 60 min; (c) 120 min; (d) 180 min
图 3 不同烧结温度0#样品显微形貌（烧结时间120 min）：（a）1200 ℃；（b）1250 ℃；（c）1280 ℃；（d）1300 ℃；（e）1320 ℃；（f）1350 ℃
Figure 3. Micro-morphology of 0# sample sintered at different temperatures for 120 min: (a) 1200 ℃; (b) 1250 ℃; (c) 1280 ℃; (d) 1300 ℃; (e) 1320 ℃; (f) 1350 ℃
图 4 0#烧结样品相对密度（a）和硬度（b）与烧结温度关系
Figure 4. Relationship of relative density (a) and hardness (b) with the sintering temperature of 0# sample
图 5 烧结试样相对密度（a）和硬度（b）与Cr2O3质量分数关系
Figure 5. Relationship of relative density (a) and hardness (b) with the Cr2O3 content by mass in sintering samples
图 6 烧结试样力学性能和高温摩擦磨损性能与CaF2质量分数的关系曲线：（a）相对密度；（b）硬度；（c）摩擦系数；（d）体积磨损率
Figure 6. Relationship of mechanical properties and high temperature friction and wear properties with the CaF2 content by mass in sintering samples: (a) relative density; (b) hardness; (c) friction coefficient; (d) volume wear rate
图 7 添加不同质量分数CaF2的烧结试样磨损形貌：（a）5#磨损形貌；（b）7#磨损形貌；（c）8#磨损形貌；（d）7#烧结形貌
Figure 7. Wear morphology of the sintering samples added by CaF2 in different content by mass: (a) wear morphology of 5#; (b) wear morphology of 7#; (c) wear morphology of 8#; (d) sintering morphology of 7#
表 1 铁镍基自润滑材料组元成分（质量分数）
Table 1. Component compositions of Ni-Fe-based self-lubricating materials
% 编号 基体，Fe-35Ni-15Cr-5Ti-4Mo-0.2C Cr2O3 CaF2 0# 100 0 0 1# 90 10 0 2# 80 20 0 3# 70 30 0 4# 60 40 0 5# 76 20 4 6# 74 20 6 7# 72 20 8 8# 70 20 10 
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