Microstructure and properties of carbon fiber reinforced Fe-Cu based friction materials prepared by powder metallurgy
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摘要: 以铁-铜为主组元, 以石墨和MoS2为润滑组元, 以Al2O3、SiC、锆英砂为摩擦组元, 并添加不同质量分数的碳纤维, 将原料混合均匀后经600 MPa冷压成形, 然后在氢气气氛下热压烧结2 h (980℃, 2~3 MPa), 制备得到碳纤维增强铁-铜基摩擦材料, 并对其硬度、相对密度、显微组织、摩擦磨损性能进行研究。结果表明: 铁-铜基体上均匀分布着耐磨的陶瓷相及润滑组元, 铁-铜基体有部分固溶, 碳纤维掩埋在基体和摩擦组元间。当碳纤维质量分数为2%~4%时, 所制备的摩擦材料硬度为HV 102.2~118.6, 相对密度为90.4%~92.6%, 摩擦系数为0.56~0.60, 磨损失重量最小。该摩擦材料的磨损主要为磨粒磨损, 伴随少量粘着磨损。碳纤维可以强化基体, 钉扎摩擦组元, 在摩擦磨损过程中隔断犁沟, 降低材料磨损。Abstract: The carbon fiber reinforced Fe-Cu based friction materials were prepared by cold press molding at 600 MPa and hot pressed sintering at 980 and 2℃~3 MPa for 2 h in hydrogen atmosphere, using Fe-Cu as the main component, graphite and MoS2 as the lubrication component, and Al2O3, SiC, and zirconium sand as the friction component with adding carbon fiber in different mass fraction. The hardness, relative density, microstructure, and friction and wear properties of the friction materials were investigated in the paper. The results show that the wear-resisting ceramic phase and the lubricating component are uniformly distributed on the Fe-Cu matrix, and the Fe-Cu matrix is partially solid-dissolved, and the carbon fiber is buried between the matrix and the friction component. When the mass fraction of carbon fiber is 2%~4%, the hardness of the prepared friction material is HV 102.2~118.6, the relative density is 90.4%~92.6%, the friction coefficient is 0.56~0.60, respectively, and the accumulated wear loss weight is the smallest. The wear mechanism of friction materials is mainly abrasive wear, accompanied by a small amount of adhesive wear. The carbon fiber can strengthen the matrix, nail the friction components, separate the furrow, and reduce the wear during the friction process.
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Key words:
- Fe-Cu based allys /
- friction materials /
- carbon fiber /
- powder metallurgy /
- microsturcture /
- properties
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图 1 添加质量分数为4%碳纤维的铁‒铜基摩擦材料X射线衍射图谱
Figure 1. XRD diffraction patterns of Fe-Cu based friction material with 4% carbon fiber by mass
图 2 含不同质量分数碳纤维的铁‒铜基摩擦材料显微组织及能谱分析：（a）0%；（b）2%；（c）4%；（d）6%；（e）A区域能谱图；（f）B区域能谱图；（g）C区域能谱图；（h）D区域能谱图
Figure 2. SEM images and EDS analysis of Fe-Cu based friction materials with different carbon fiber content by mass: (a) 0%; (b) 2%; (c) 4%; (d) 6%; (e) EDS of area A; (f) EDS of area B; (g) EDS of area C; (h) EDS of area D
图 3 含不同质量分数碳纤维的铁‒铜基摩擦材料的摩擦系数随时间变化曲线：（a）0%；（b）2%；（c）4%；（d）6%
Figure 3. Relationship of fiction coefficient and time of Fe-Cu based friction material with different carbon fiber content by mass: (a) 0%; (b) 2%; (c) 4%; (d) 6%
图 4 含不同质量分数碳纤维的铁‒铜基摩擦材料的磨损曲线
Figure 4. Wear curves of Fe-Cu based friction material with different carbon fiber content by mass
图 5 不同碳纤维含量的铁‒铜基摩擦材料磨损表面形貌及能谱分析：（a）0%；（b）2%；（c）4%；（d）6%；（e）A区域能谱图；（f）B区域能谱图
Figure 5. SEM images and EDS analysis of surface wear of Fe-Cu based friction material with different carbon fiber content: (a) 0%; (b) 2%; (c) 4%; (d) 6%; (e) EDS of area A; (f) EDS of area B
表 1 铁‒铜基摩擦材料各组分质量分数及粉末粒度
Table 1. Mass fraction and particle size of each component in Fe-Cu based friction materials
原材料 Fe Cu Mo Ni 石墨 MoS2 Al2O3 SiC 锆英砂 Sn 质量分数/ % 50 20 4 4 8 3 3 4 2 2 粒度/ 目 200 200 200 200 80 150 200 200 150 200 
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表 2 实验用碳纤维性能参数
Table 2. Performance parameters of carbon fiber used in experiment
单丝数/ K 抗拉强度/ GPa 弹性模量/ GPa 密度/ (g·cm-3) 单丝直径/ μm 6 4 240 1.75 7
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表 3 含不同质量分数碳纤维的铁‒铜基摩擦材料的相对密度及硬度
Table 3. Relative density and hardness of Fe-Cu based friction materials with different carbon fiber content by mass
碳纤维质量分数/ % 实际密度/ (g·cm-3) 理论密度/ (g·cm-3) 相对密度/ % 孔隙率/ % 硬度，HV 0 5.08 6.11 83.2 16.8 80.3 2 5.37 5.80 92.6 7.4 118.6 4 5.03 5.56 90.4 9.6 102.2 6 4.60 5.32 86.5 13.5 90.5
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