Fabrication and properties of large size aluminum-based boron carbide composites by hot isostatic pressing
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摘要: 采用热等静压法制备铝基碳化硼复合材料(Al-B4C)板材, 测试板材的密度和抗拉强度, 并观察复合材料的微观组织和拉伸断口形貌。结果表明, Al-31% B4C (质量分数)板材的尺寸为3 mm×200 mm×5000 mm; Al-31% B4C复合材料的相对密度大于99.69%, 抗拉强度大于300 MPa, 断后延伸率大于3%, B4C颗粒均匀分布在基体中, 并与基体紧密结合; Al-B4C复合材料板材的力学性能符合工程用中子吸收材料的要求。比较含不同质量分数B4C颗粒(10%、15%、20%、25%、30%、31%、35%、40%)的Al-B4C复合材料性能, 当B4C质量分数为10%~40%时, 随基体中B4C颗粒含量的增加, Al-B4C复合材料的密度和相对密度均逐渐降低; 当B4C质量分数为10%~35%时, 随基体中B4C颗粒含量的增加, Al-B4C复合材料的抗拉强度逐渐增大, 断后延伸率逐渐降低。Abstract: The aluminum-based boron carbide composites (Al-B4C) were fabricated by hot isostatic pressing. The density, tensile strength, microstructures, and fracture morphology of the Al-B4C composites were investigated. The results show that, the plate size of Al-31% B4C composites by mass is 3 mm×200 mm×5000 mm; the relative density of Al-31% B4C composites is greater than 99.69%, the tensile strength is greater than 300 MPa, and the elongation is greater than 3%; the B4C particles are evenly embedded in the Al matrix, and the B4C particles are tightly bound to the Al matrix; the physical properties of aluminum-based boron carbide composite plates meet the requirement of the neutron-absorbing materials used in engineering. The physical properties of Al-B4C composites with different B4C contents by mass (10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 31%, 35%, and 40%)are compared. When the content of B4C is 10%~40% by mass, with the increase of B4C content in the matrix, the density and relative density of Al-B4C composites gradually decrease; when the B4C content by mass ranges from 10% to 35%, with the increase of B4C content in the matrix, the tensile strength of Al-B4C composites gradually increases, and the elongation gradually decreases.
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Key words:
- hot isostatic pressing /
- aluminum-based composites /
- boron carbide /
- physical properties /
- plates
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图 1 Al‒B4C混合粉末扫描电子显微形貌：（a）500倍；（b）1000倍
Figure 1. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of Al‒B4C mixed powders: (a) ×500; (b) ×1000
图 2 热等静压后的Al‒B4C待轧坯锭宏观形貌
Figure 2. Macro appearance of Al‒B4C billets after hot isostatic pressing
图 7 B4C质量分数对Al‒B4C复合材料密度的影响
Figure 7. Effect of B4C content by mass on the density of Al‒B4C composites
图 8 B4C质量分数对Al‒B4C力学性能的影响
Figure 8. Effect of B4C content by mass on the mechanical properties of Al‒B4C composites
图 10 Al‒31%B4C复合材料金相组织形貌：（a）50倍；（b）200倍
Figure 10. Metallographic structure of Al‒31%B4C composites: (a) ×50; (b) ×200
表 1 实验用6061Al粉的化学成分（质量分数）
Table 1. Chemical composition of 6061Al alloy powders used in experiment %
实验材料 Si Fe Cu Mn Mg Cr Zn Ti Al EN AW-6061Al粉标准值 0.40~0.80 ≤0.70 0.15~0.40 ≤0.15 0.8~1.2 0.04~0.35 ≤0.250 ≤0.15 余量 实验用6061Al粉测量值 0.62 0.13 0.23 ＜0.01 0.8 0.04 0.027 ＜0.01 余量 
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表 2 实验用碳化硼粉的化学成分（质量分数）
Table 2. Chemical composition of boron carbide powders used in experiment %
实验材料 Ca Fe B+C F Cl ASTM C750 Type 1碳化硼粉标准值 ≤0.300 ≤1.00 ≥98.00 ≤0.0025 ≤0.0075 实验用碳化硼粉测量值 0.027 0.03 99.73 ≤0.0015 ≤0.0015
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表 3 Al‒B4C复合材料的抗拉强度和断后延伸率
Table 3. Tensile strength and elongation of Al‒B4C composites
B4C质量分数/ % 抗拉强度/ MPa 断后延伸率/ % 10 177 16.00 15 201 13.70 20 254 9.10 25 291 6.80 31 307 3.50 35 356 2.46 40 — —
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