Study on low temperature creep properties of Al8030 composites added by directional distribution of graphene nanoplatelets
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摘要: 采用粉末改性和半固态挤压工艺制备了石墨烯纳米片/Al8030复合材料, 其中石墨烯纳米片质量分数为0.5%, 研究了石墨烯纳米片对铝基复合材料显微组织和低温蠕变性能的影响。结果表明: 石墨烯纳米片主要分布于晶界处, 并且具有与挤压方向平行的定向分布特征。复合材料样品在服役条件下的稳态蠕变速率与铝合金基体相比下降超过50%。在90 ℃和50~90MPa实验条件下, 基体的蠕变机制以位错攀移机制为主, 而复合材料的蠕变则由位错滑移和位错攀移机制共同影响; 在120~150 ℃和50~90MPa实验条件下, 基体和复合材料的蠕变均由位错攀移机制和第二相增强机制协同控制, 但石墨烯纳米片的添加使得第二相增强机制对蠕变的控制更明显。Abstract: The Al8030 composites added by graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) with the mass fraction of 0.5% were prepared by powder modification and semi-solid extrusion process, and the effects of GNPs on the microstructure and low temperature creep properties of aluminum matrix composites were investigated. The results show that, the GNPs are mainly distributed on the grain boundary of composites and show the directional distribution characteristics as parallel to the extrusion direction. The steady-state creep rate of the composite samples in the service conditions decreases by more than 50% compared to that of the matrix. In the experimental conditions of 90 ℃ and 50~90 MPa, the creep mechanism of the matrix is dominated by the dislocation climbing mechanism, while the creep of the composites is affected by the dislocation slip and dislocation climbing. In the experimental conditions of 120~150 ℃ and 50~90 MPa, the creep mechanism of the matrix and composites are controlled by the dislocation climbing and the second phase enhancement, but the addition of GNPs makes the control effect of the second phase enhancement on creep more obvious.
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图 1 Al-0.24Fe-Cu三元合金垂直截面相图
Figure 1. Vertical cross-section phase diagram of the Al-0.24Fe-Cu ternary alloy
图 3 粉末混合前后的场发射扫描电子显微镜图：(a) 原始Al8030粉末；(b) 原始石墨烯纳米片；(c) 混合前改性Al8030粉末；(d) 混合后GNPs/Al8030粉末
Figure 3. FESEM images of the powders before and after mixing: (a) the original powders of Al8030;(b) the original GNPs; (c) the modified Al8030 powders before mixing; (d) the GNPs/Al8030 powders after mixing
图 4 对比样和0.5%GNPs/Al8030复合材料样品场发射扫描电子显微形貌：(a) 对比样横截面；(b) 对比样纵截面；(c) 0.5%GNPs/8030复合材料样横截面；(d) 0.5%GNPs/8030复合材料样纵截面
Figure 4. FESEM images of the comparison samples and 0.5%GNPs/Al8030 samples: (a) the cross section of comparison samples; (b) the longitudinal section of comparison samples; (c) the cross section of 0.5%GNPs/Al8030 samples; (d) the longitudinal section of0.5%GNPs/Al8030 samples
图 5 0.5%GNPs/Al8030复合材料样品横截面电子探针面扫图：(a) 扫描形貌；(b) Cu; (c) Fe; (d) C
Figure 5. EPMA area scan of the 0.5%GNPs/Al8030 composites in the cross section: (a) microstructure; (b) Cu; (c) Fe; (d) C
图 6 0.5%GNPs/Al8030复合材料样品纵截面电子探针面扫图；(a) 扫描形貌；(b) Cu; (c) Fe; (d) C
Figure 6. EPMA area scan of the 0.5%GNPs/Al8030 composites in the longitudinal section: (a) microstructure; (b) Cu; (c) Fe; (d) C
图 7 对比样和0.5%GNPs/Al8030复合材料样品的相对密度
Figure 7. Relative density of the comparison samples and the0.5%GNPs/Al8030 composite samples
图 8 对比试样在不同应力和不同温度条件下的蠕变应变-时间曲线：(a) 50 MPa; (b) 70 MPa; (c) 90 MPa
Figure 8. Creep strain-time curve of the comparison samples in different stresses at different temperature conditions: (a) 50 MPa; (b) 70 MPa; (c) 90 MPa
图 9 0.5%GNPs/Al8030复合材料样品在不同应力和不同温度条件下的蠕变应变-时间曲线：(a) 50 MPa; (b) 70 MPa; (c) 90 MPa
Figure 9. Creep strain-time curve of the 0.5%GNPs/8030samples in different stresses at different temperatures: (a) 50 MPa; (b) 70 MPa; (c) 90 MPa
图 10 两组试样的lnε-lnσ关系曲线：(a) 对比样；(b) 0.5%GNPs/Al8030复合材料
Figure 10. lnε-lnσ curves of two group samples: (a) the comparison samples; (b) the 0.5%GNPs/8030 samples
图 11 两组试样的lnɛ-(1/T)关系曲线：(a) 对比样；(b) 0.5%GNPs/Al8030复合材料
Figure 11. lnɛ-(1/T)curves of two group samples: (a) the comparison samples; (b) the 0.5%GNPs/8030 samples
表 1 8030铝合金的化学成分(质量分数)
Table 1. Chemical composition of 8030 aluminum alloy
% 材料 Fe Cu Si Mg Zn B Al 标准8030铝合金 0.30~0.80 0.15~0.30 0.100 0.050 0.050 0.001~0.040 余量 实验用8030铝合金粉末 0.67 0.25 0.047 0.001 0.001 0.001 余量 
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表 2 两组试样在不同应力和不同温度条件下的稳态蠕变速率
Table 2. Steady-state creep rate of the two group samples in different stresses at different temperatures
应力/MPa 温度/ ℃ 稳态蠕变速率/s‒1 稳态蠕变下降/% 对比试样 0.5%GNPs/8030复合材料样品 50 90 4.08×10-10 1.47×10-10 64 120 1.20×10-9 4.26×10-10 65 150 4.76×10-9 2.30×10-9 52 70 90 1.38×10-9 6.61×10-10 52 120 8.51×10-9 3.56×10-9 58 150 4.22×10-8 2.13×10-8 50 90 90 5.06×10-9 1.12×10-9 78 120 7.62×10-8 2.15×10-8 72 150 3.72×10-6(断) 9.60×10-7 74
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