Research on 18Ni300 alloy powders prepared by close-coupled gas atomization technology used for selective laser melting
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摘要: 基于紧耦合气雾化技术制备符合选区激光熔化用18Ni300合金粉末, 重点研究了雾化压力对粉末粒度(中值粒径, D50)、粒度分布、球形度、氧含量、流动性和松装密度等特性的影响。结果表明: 雾化压力对上述粉末特性影响显著, 当雾化压力在3.5 MPa到4.5 MPa范围时, 随着压力的提高, 粉末粒度降低、表面形貌改善、流动性变好、松装密度增加。当雾化压力为4.5 MPa时, 所制备的粉末综合特性最优, 粉末粒度(D50)为34 μm, 球形度为0.77, 氧含量为0.02%(质量分数), 流动性为17.4[s·(50g)-1], 松装密度为4.32g·cm-3, 15~53 μm粒径范围粉末收得率为38.1%, 满足选区激光熔化技术对金属粉末性能的要求。Abstract: The 18Ni300 alloy powders used for selective laser melting were prepared by close-coupled gas atomization, the effects of gas pressure on the particle size (median particle diameter, D50), particle size distribution, particle shape, oxygen content by mass, flowability, and apparent density of 18Ni300 alloy powders were investigated in this paper. The results show that, the gas pressure has the significant effect on these characteristics. With the increase of gas pressure from 3.5 MPa to 4.5 MPa, the particle size decreases, the surface morphology improves, the flowability gets better, and the apparent density increases. When the gas pressure is 4.5 MPa, the 18Ni300 alloy powders show the optimal comprehensive characteristics, the particle size (D50) is 34 μm, the sphericity is 0.77, the oxygen content by mass is 0.02%, the flowability is 17.4[s·(50 g)-1], the apparent density is 4.32 g·cm-3, and the powder yield in the size of 15~53 μm is 38.1%, meeting the requirements of selective laser melting for the metal powders.
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表 1 18Ni300合金化学成分(质量分数)
Table 1. Chemical composition of the 18Ni300 alloy
% Ni Mo Co Ti Mn C S P O N H 18.01 4.94 9.01 0.74 0.012 0.001 0.001 0.005 0.0005 0.001 0.00004 表 2 气雾化工艺参数
Table 2. Process parameters of the gas atomization
工艺 金属熔体温度/℃ 雾化压力/MPa 1 1650 ± 20 3.5 2 1650 ± 20 4.0 3 1650 ± 20 4.5 4 1650 ± 20 5.0 表 3 不同工艺制备的粉末粒径(D50) 与收得率(η)
Table 3. Particle size (D50) and yield (η) of the powders prepared by the different processes
工艺 D50/μm η/% 1 60.0 28.5 2 36.5 32.5 3 34.0 38.1 4 40.0 35.9 表 4 不同工艺制备粉末的球形度、流动性与松装密度
Table 4. Spherical, flowability, and apparent density of the powders prepared by the different processes
工艺 球形度 流动性/[s·(50 g) -1] 松装密度/(g·cm-3) 1 0.65 22.3 4.08 2 0.70 19.5 4.21 3 0.77 17.4 4.32 4 0.72 18.6 4.30 -
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