Microstructure and properties of Ni-based alloy coatings on steel surface by sintering cladding
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摘要: 采用Ni25、Ni45、Ni60合金粉末通过烧结熔覆法在45钢表面制备出不同成分的镍基合金涂层。通过金相显微镜观察和X射线衍射分析等手段对合金涂层的组织形貌、相组成和界面结构进行研究，并对涂层显微硬度进行了测试。结果表明：通过烧结熔覆可以在45钢表面获得较为致密的镍基合金涂层。Ni25合金涂层组织主要为比较粗大的γ-(Ni, Fe)奥氏体以及少量的Cr23C6碳化物相；Ni45和Ni60合金涂层中除了γ-(Ni, Fe)奥氏体和Cr23C6碳化物之外，还出现了CrB硼化物。不同成分镍基合金涂层与45钢基体在界面处均形成了良好的冶金结合。当烧结温度1100 ℃、保温时间15 min时，涂层微观组织致密，硬质相颗粒尺寸较小，分布均匀。Ni60合金涂层的硬度最高，约为HV 735；Ni45合金涂层次之，约为HV 534；Ni25合金涂层硬度最低，只有HV 236。Abstract: Ni-based alloy coatings on the 45 steel surface were prepared by sintering cladding method, using Ni25, Ni45, and Ni60 alloy powders, respectively. The microstructure, phase composition, and interface structure of the alloy coatings were analyzed by metallographic microscope and X-ray diffractometer, and the microhardness of the coatings was tested. The results show that, the relatively compacted Ni-based alloy coatings on the 45 steel surface can be obtained by sintering cladding technology. Ni25 alloy coatings are mainly consisted of the coarse γ-(Ni, Fe) austenite and a small amount of Cr23C6 carbide phase. In addition to the γ-(Ni, Fe) austenite and Cr23C6 carbide phases, the CrB boride phases also appear in the Ni45 and Ni60 alloy coatings. All of the three Ni-based alloy coatings have the good metallurgical bonding with the 45 steel matrix. The coatings show the dense microstructure with the fine particles uniformly distributed in the matrix, when the sintering temperature is 1100 ℃ and the holding time is 15 min. The Ni60 alloy coatings have the highest hardness, about HV 735; that of the Ni45 alloy coatings are the next, about HV 534; and the Ni25 alloy coatings show the lowest hardness, only HV 236.
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Key words:
- sintering cladding /
- nickel-based alloys /
- coatings /
- microstructure /
- microhardness
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图 2 不同成分镍基合金涂层的X射线衍射图谱：（a）Ni25；（b）Ni45；（c）Ni60
Figure 2. XRD patterns of the nickel-based alloy coatings with different compositions: (a) Ni25; (b) Ni45; (c) Ni60
图 3 不同成分镍基合金涂层的微观形貌：（a）Ni25；（b）Ni45；（c）Ni60
Figure 3. Microstructure of the nickel-based alloy coatings with different compositions: (a) Ni25; (b) Ni45; (c) Ni60
图 4 不同成分镍基合金涂层的界面形貌：（a）Ni25；（b）Ni45；（c）Ni60
Figure 4. Interfacial morphology for the nickel-based alloy coatings with different compositions: (a) Ni25; (b) Ni45; (c) Ni60
图 5 不同烧结条件下Ni60合金涂层的微观形貌：（a）1000 ℃、15 min；（b）1000 ℃、30 min；（c）1000 ℃、45 min；（d）1100 ℃、15 min；（e）1100 ℃、30 min；（f）1100 ℃、45 min
Figure 5. Microstructure of the Ni60 alloy coatings under the different sintering conditions: (a) 1000 ℃, 15 min; (b) 1000 ℃, 30 min; (c) 1000 ℃, 45 min; (d) 1100 ℃, 15 min; (e) 1100 ℃, 30 min; (f) 1100 ℃, 45 min
图 6 不同成分镍基合金涂层的剖面显微硬度分布
Figure 6. Microhardness distribution on the cross section of the Ni-based alloy coatings with different compositions
表 1 Ni25、Ni45、Ni60合金粉末化学成分（质量分数）
Table 1. Chemical compositions of the Ni25, Ni45, Ni60 alloy powders
% 合金 C Cr B Si Fe Ni Ni25 0.20 6.5 1.5 3.0 6.0 余量 Ni45 0.36 12.8 2.6 3.5 9.0 余量 Ni60 0.80 15.5 3.5 3.5 15.0 余量 
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