Preparing powder raw materials of permeable bricks by ball milling using electric porcelain wastes
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摘要: 研究了球磨工艺对电瓷废料球磨效率的影响，并以电瓷废料球磨粉体为原料制备了透水砖。结果表明：电瓷废料粉体的粒度随球磨时间的延长而逐渐减小，随着球磨转速的增加呈现先减小后增大的趋势，表明球磨效率先提高后降低。由于电瓷废料硬度高，随着大球磨球比例的增加，粉体粒度减小；当中球比例降低后，球磨粉体粒度又随大球比例的增加而增大。当装料量小于35%时，电瓷废料粉体的粒度逐渐上升，球磨效率逐渐降低；当装料量大于35%后，电瓷废料粉体的粒度上升速度加快，球磨效率迅速降低。通过优化电瓷废料球磨工艺并综合考虑透水砖性能，确定球磨时间为20 h、球磨转速为140 r·min‒1、瓷球大、中、小级配比为5:3:2、装料量为35%较为合适，球磨后电瓷废料粉体的中位径为4.1 μm，筛余量为15%。以电瓷废料球磨粉体为主要原料制备透水砖，获得了抗压强度6.1 MPa、透水系数0.028 cm·s‒1的透水砖。Abstract: The influence of ball milling process on the ball milling efficiency of electric porcelain wastes was investigated, and the permeable bricks were prepared by using the ball milled electric porcelain waste powders as the raw materials. The results show that, the particle size of electric porcelain waste powders gradually decreases with the extension of ball milling time, and firstly decreases and then increases with the increase of ball milling speed, indicating that the ball milling efficiency first increases and then decreases. Due to the high hardness of electric porcelain waste, the particle size of the powders decreases with the increase of the large ball proportion in the milling ball. After the decrease of the middle ball proportion, the particle size of the powders increases with the increase of the large ball proportion. When the charge amount is less than 35%, the particle size of the electric porcelain waste powders gradually increases, and the ball milling efficiency gradually decreases. When the charge amount is more than 35%, the increasing rate of particle size is accelerated, and the ball milling efficiency is rapidly lowered. By optimizing the ball milling process of electric porcelain wastes and considering the comprehensive performance of the permeable bricks, the suitable ball milling time is 20 h, the ball milling speed is 140 r·min‒1, the ratio of large, medium, and small stage of porcelain ball is 5:3:2, and the charge amount is 35%. The median diameter of the electric porcelain waste powders after ball milling is 4.1 μm, the sieve residue is 15%. The permeable bricks with the compressive strength of 6.1 MPa and the permeability coefficient of 0.028 cm·s‒1 are prepared by using the ball milled electric porcelain waste powders as the main raw materials.
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图 2 球磨时间与电瓷废料粉体中位径和筛余量关系
Figure 2. Relationship between the ball milling time and the median diameter and residue on sieve of the ball milled electric porcelain waste powders
图 3 球磨转速与电瓷废料粉体中位径和筛余量关系
Figure 3. Relationship between the ball milling speed and the median diameter and residue on sieve of the ball milled electric porcelain waste powders
图 5 瓷球尺寸配比与电瓷废料粉体中位径和筛余量关系
Figure 5. Relationship between the size ratio of porcelain balls and the median diameter and residue on sieve of the ball milled electric porcelain waste powders
图 6 装料量与电瓷废料粉体中位径和筛余量关系
Figure 6. Relationship between the charge amount and the median diameter and residue on sieve of the ball milled electric porcelain waste powders
图 8 电瓷废料球磨后粉体扫描电子显微形貌
Figure 8. SEM image of the electric porcelain waste powders after ball milling
图 9 烧结温度对透水砖性能的影响：（a）气孔率和体积收缩率；（b）透水系数和抗压强度
Figure 9. Effect of sintering temperature on the performance of permeable bricks: (a) porosity and volume shrinkage; (b) permeability coefficient and compressive strength
表 1 电瓷废料的化学成份（质量分数）
Table 1. Chemical compositions of the electric porcelain wastes
% Al2O3 SiO2 Fe2O3 CaO K2O Na2O MgO TiO2 余量 47.62 41.36 1.67 0.96 2.66 0.58 0.80 1.98 0.36 
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