Effect of treatment process on the formability of Fe–Al alloy powders and the crushing strength of green compacts
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摘要: 为了提高Fe–Al合金粉末的压制成形性和生坯压溃强度，分析了氢气还原和真空退火工艺对Fe–Al合金粉末形貌和性能的影响，研究了原始粉末和经过处理后粉末所制管坯的成形率。结果发现，经氢气还原和真空退火处理后，粉末形貌变化不大，粉末性能提高，生坯压溃强度增强，成形性得到改善；尤其是经真空退火粉末的性能得到极大提高，氧的质量分数由0.5%低到0.2%，松装密度由1.82 g·cm−3降低到1.64 g·cm−3，显微硬度由HV 260降低到HV 158，压缩比由63%降低到56%，生坯压溃强度由2.0 MPa提高到2.7 MPa，粉末成形性得到极大改善。在批量化压制长管坯时，对原始粉末预先进行真空退火处理，长管生坯数量成品率由50%提高至100%，产品成本降低。Abstract: To improve the formability of Fe–Al alloy powders and the crushing strength of green compacts, the effects of hydrogen reduction and vacuum annealing on the morphology and properties of the Fe–Al alloy powders were analyzed, and the forming rate of the tube billets made from the original powders and the treated powders were studied. The results show that, after the hydrogen reduction and vacuum anneal treatment, the morphology of the original Fe–Al alloy powders has little change, the powder properties are enhanced, and the crushing strength and formability of the green compacts are improved. Especially after the vacuum anneal treatment, the powder properties are significantly enhanced, oxygen mass fraction decrease from 0.5% to 0.2%, apparent density decrease from 1.82 g·cm−3 to 1.64 g·cm−3, microhardness decrease from HV 260 to HV 158, compression ratio decrease from 63% to 56%, crushing strength of the green compact increase from 2.0 MPa to 2.7 MPa, the formability is greatly improved. In the quantity production of long tube billets, the vacuum annealing pretreatment of the original Fe–Al alloy powders can effectively increase the qualified rate of the long tube billets from 50% to 100% and reduce the product cost.
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Key words:
- Fe–Al alloy powders /
- hydrogen reduction /
- vacuum annealing /
- porous property /
- crushing strength
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图 4 不同工艺处理后Fe–Al合金粉末氧的质量分数（a）与松装密度（b）
Figure 4. Oxygen mass fraction (a) and the apparent density (b) of the Fe–Al alloy powders by the different treatment processes
图 5 不同工艺处理后Fe–Al合金粉末显微硬度（a）与压缩比（b）
Figure 5. Microhardness (a) and the compression ratio (b) of the Fe–Al alloy powders by the different treatment processes
图 6 不同工艺处理后Fe–Al合金粉末管坯孔隙度（a）与压溃强度（b）
Figure 6. Porosity (a) and the crushing strength (b) of the green compacts by the different treatment processes
表 1 烧结Fe–Al合金多孔材料性能
Table 1. Properties of the sintered Fe–Al alloy porous materials
试样
编号压溃强度 / MPa 透气度 / (m3·m−2·h−1·kPa−1) 最大孔径 / μm 平均孔径 / μm 1# 52 164 20 15 2# 57 158 18 13 3# 62 150 15 10 陶瓷
滤管29 135 17 11 
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表 2 粉末长样品管坯数量成品率
Table 2. Quantity qualified rate of the long green compacts
试样编号 生产数量 / 支 合格数量 / 支 成品率 / % 成形性 1#-C 10 5 50 管坯成形较差，管身微裂纹，法兰/管底断裂 2#-C 10 8 80 管坯成形良好，管身无裂纹，法兰/管底棱角掉粉 3#-C 10 10 100 管坯成形极好，管身无裂纹，法兰/管底棱角无掉粉
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