Preparation and properties research of Cu-based electrical contact composites containing Cr and NbSe2
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摘要: 采用复压复烧工艺制备了含不同质量分数Cr和NbSe2的铜基电接触复合材料，利用光学电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、硬度计、扫描电子显微镜等设备研究了铜基复合材料力学、电学和电摩擦学性能。结果表明，铜基复合材料的密度随着NbSe2含量的增多而增高，硬度和断裂强度随着Cr含量的增多而提高；Cr含量高的铜基复合材料磨痕表面极易生成CuO纳米片，改善了材料的摩擦性能，但降低了电学性能；含适当比例Cr和NbSe2的铜基复合材料有着较好力学、电学性能，且因NbSe2润滑膜和CuO纳米球的协同作用，改善了材料的摩擦性能。Abstract: The Cu-based electrical contact composite materials containing Cr and NbSe2 in the different mass fractions were prepared by repressing and reburning method in this study, and the mechanical, electrical, and tribological properties of copper-based electrical contact composites were investigated by optical electron microscope, X-ray diffractometer, hardness tester, and scanning electron microscope. The results show that, the density of the copper-based composites increases with the increase of NbSe2 content, while the hardness and fracture strength increase with the increase of Cr content. The copper-based composites with the higher Cr content can easily generate the CuO nanoplates on the wear scar surface, which improves the tribological properties but reduces the electrical properties of the copper-based composite materials. Consequently, the copper-based composites containing Cr and NbSe2 in the appropriate mass fraction show the better mechanical and electrical properties. Moreover, the tribological properties of the copper-based composites are also improved due to the synergistic effect of the NbSe2 lubricating film and CuO nanospheres.
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图 2 铜基试样的力学性能：（a）显微硬度；（b）断裂强度
Figure 2. Mechanical properties of Cu-based samples: (a) microhardness; (b) fracture strength
图 3 铜基试样光学显微形貌：（a）Se1；（b）Se3；（c）Se5
Figure 3. Optical micrographs of Cu-based samples: (a) Se1;(c) Se3;(c) Se5
图 4 Se1试样的电摩擦学性能：（a）摩擦系数和电流变化；（b）显微形貌；（c）显微形貌框型区域能谱分析
Figure 4. Electrical tribological properties of sample Se1:(a) COF and I; (b) SEM images; (c) EDSanalysis at the box type area in SEM
图 5 Se1试样磨痕的光电子能谱分析
Figure 5. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of sample Se1
图 6 Se2试样的电摩擦学性能：（a）摩擦系数和电流变化；（b）显微形貌；（c）显微形貌框型区域能谱分析
Figure 6. Electrical tribological properties of sample Se2:(a) COF and I; (b) SEM images; (c) EDSanalysis at the box type area in SEM
图 7 Se3试样的电摩擦学性能：（a）摩擦系数和电流变化；（b）显微形貌；（c）显微形貌框型区域能谱分析
Figure 7. Electrical tribological properties of sample Se3:(a) COF and I; (b) SEM images; (c) EDSanalysis at the box type area in SEM
图 8 Se4试样的电摩擦学性能：（a）摩擦系数和电流变化；（b）显微形貌；（c）显微形貌框型区域能谱分析
Figure 8. Electrical tribological properties of sample Se4:(a) COF and I; (b) SEM images; (c) EDS analysis at the box type area in SEM
图 9 Se5试样的电摩擦学性能：（a）摩擦系数和电流变化；（b）显微形貌；（c）显微形貌框型区域能谱分析
Figure 9. Electrical tribological properties of sample Se5:(a) COF and I; (b) SEM images; (c) EDSanalysis at the box type area in SEM
图 10 Se6试样的电摩擦学性能：（a）摩擦系数和电流变化；（b）显微形貌；（c）显微形貌框型区域能谱分析
Figure 10. Electrical tribological properties of sample Se6:(a) COF and I; (b) SEM images; (c) EDS analysis at the box type area in SEM
图 11 电摩擦测试前后试样电阻率的变化
Figure 11. Resistivity of the Cu-based composite samples before and after the electric friction test
表 1 铜基复合材料试样组成成分及物理性能
Table 1. Composition and physical properties of the copper-based composite samples
试样编号 成分质量分数/% 密度, ρ/(kg·m-3) 相对密度，ρr/% 表面粗糙度，Ra/μm Cu NbSe2 Cr Sel 65 0 35 6.96×103 84.9 0.217 Se2 65 10 25 7.13×103 88.1 0.202 Se3 65 15 20 7.24×103 90.2 0.214 Se4 65 20 15 7.39×103 92.7 0.186 Se5 65 25 10 7.42×103 94.0 0.175 Se6 65 35 0 7.26×103 93.3 0.193 
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表 2 金属及其金属氧化物的电阻率
Table 2. Electrical resistivity of the metals and metal oxides
材料 Nb NbO Cr Cr2O3 Cu CuO Cu20 NbSe2 电阻率/(Ω·m) 12.5 × 10-8 10-7 12.9 × 10-8 — 1.534 × 10-8 10~50 10~50 5.35 × 10-6
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