Preparation and properties of TiB2/AlSi10Mg composite powders used for selective laser melting
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摘要: 以气雾化AlSi10Mg粉和高纯TiB2粉为原料，采用高能球磨和等离子球化技术制备选区激光熔化用TiB2/AlSi10Mg复合粉体，使用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、激光粒度仪和紫外可见光分光光度计等对等离子球化前后TiB2/AlSi10Mg复合粉体组织结构和性能进行表征。结果表明：经等离子球化后的TiB2/AlSi10Mg复合粉体具有优异的球形度，粒径分布均匀。此外，部分TiB2与Al之间发生了化学反应生成Al3Ti相，获得冶金结合界面，提高了界面结合强度。该复合粉体具有近似于TiB2包覆AlSi10Mg的核壳结构，改善了铝合金粉末的激光吸收率，由23.2%（AlSi10Mg）增加至42.1%（TiB2/AlSi10Mg）。Abstract: TiB2/AlSi10Mg composite powders used for selective laser melting were prepared by high-energy ball milling and plasma spheroidization, using the AlSi10Mg powders and high purity TiB2 powders as the raw materials prepared by gas atomization. The microstructure and properties of TiB2/AlSi10Mg composite powders before and after plasma spheroidization were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), laser particle size analyzer, and UV-visible spectrophotometer. The results show that the plasma spheroidization TiB2/AlSi10Mg composite powders have the excellent sphericity and the uniform particle size distribution. Moreover, the chemical reactions between TiB2 and Al may form the Al3Ti phases, which can obtain the metallurgical bonding interface and improve the bonding strength. The core-shell structure of the composite powders is similar to that of TiB2 coated with AlSi10Mg. The laser absorption rate of the powders is improved from 23.2% (AlSi10Mg) to 42.1% (TiB2/AlSi10Mg).
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Key words:
- TiB2 /
- AlSi10Mg /
- composite powders /
- plasma spheroidization /
- selective laser melting
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图 1 气雾化AlSi10Mg粉和高纯TiB2粉形貌：（a）AlSi10Mg；（b）TiB2
Figure 1. Morphologies of the raw powders prepared by gas atomization: (a) AlSi10Mg; (b) TiB2
图 2 TiB2/AlSi10Mg复合粉末等离子球化前后微观形貌：（a）、（b）球化前；（c）、（d）球化后
Figure 2. SEM images of the TiB2/AlSi10Mg composite powders before and after plasma spheroidization: (a), (b) before spheroidization; (c), (d) after spheroidization
图 3 球化TiB2/AlSi10Mg复合粉截面形貌（a）及单个粉末截面能谱分析（b）
Figure 3. Cross-section morphology of the plasma spheroidization powders (a) and the energy spectrum analysis of the single powder (b)
图 4 等离子球化过程中TiB2与AlSi10Mg界面受力分析
Figure 4. Interface load analysis between the TiB2 and AlSi10Mg powders during plasma spheroidization
图 5 AlSi10Mg和等离子球化TiB2/AlSi10Mg复合粉X射线衍射图谱
Figure 5. XRD patterns of the AlSi10Mg and plasma spheroidization TiB2/AlSi10Mg composite powders
图 6 等离子球化TiB2/AlSi10Mg复合粉末明场像（a）及面扫元素分布（b）～（d）
Figure 6. BF image (a) and the corresponding EDX analysis (b)~(d) of the plasma spheroidization TiB2/AlSi10Mg composite
图 7 球化TiB2/AlSi10Mg复合粉界面图：（a）高分辨率透射电镜及快速傅里叶变换图；（b）～（d）相应的快速傅里叶逆变换图
Figure 7. Interfacial microstructure of the plasma spheroidization TiB2/AlSi10Mg composite powders: (a) HRTEM and FFT images; (b)~(d) the corresponding IFFT images
图 8 AlSi10Mg和球化TiB2/AlSi10Mg粉末粒径分布：（a） AlSi10Mg；（b） TiB2/AlSi10Mg
Figure 8. Particle size distribution of the AlSi10Mg and TiB2/AlSi10Mg powders: (a) AlSi10Mg; (b) TiB2/AlSi10Mg
图 9 不同粉末激光吸收率
Figure 9. Laser absorptivity of the TiB2, AlSi10Mg and TiB2/AlSi10Mg powders
表 1 等离子体球化工艺参数
Table 1. Process parameters of the plasma spheroidization
功率 / kW 送粉器转速 / (r·min−1) 粉体流速 / (g·min−1) 鞘气（Ar/H2）/ (L·min−1) 中心气Ar / (L·min−1) 载气Ar / (L·min−1) 30 15 20 55/15 15 3 
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