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放电等离子烧结B4C研究进展

闫星亨,  周新贵,  王洪磊

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闫星亨, 周新贵, 王洪磊. 放电等离子烧结B4C研究进展[J]. 粉末冶金技术, 2022, 40(6): 516-526. doi: 10.19591/j.cnki.cn11-1974/tf.2020070001
引用本文: 闫星亨, 周新贵, 王洪磊. 放电等离子烧结B4C研究进展[J]. 粉末冶金技术, 2022, 40(6): 516-526. doi: 10.19591/j.cnki.cn11-1974/tf.2020070001
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YAN Xing-heng, ZHOU Xin-gui, WANG Hong-lei. Research progress of B4C prepared by spark plasma sintering[J]. Powder Metallurgy Technology, 2022, 40(6): 516-526. doi: 10.19591/j.cnki.cn11-1974/tf.2020070001
Citation: YAN Xing-heng, ZHOU Xin-gui, WANG Hong-lei. Research progress of B4C prepared by spark plasma sintering[J]. Powder Metallurgy Technology, 2022, 40(6): 516-526. doi: 10.19591/j.cnki.cn11-1974/tf.2020070001
shu

放电等离子烧结B4C研究进展

doi: 10.19591/j.cnki.cn11-1974/tf.2020070001

  • 国防科技大学空天科学学院, 长沙 410073

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    E-mail: zhouxinguilmy@163.com

  • 中图分类号: TB333

Research progress of B4C prepared by spark plasma sintering

  • College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China

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    摘要
  • 摘要: B4C是一种重要的工业材料，被广泛应用于零件加工、航空航天、装甲防护和核工业领域。放电等离子烧结是一种通过多场耦合作用来实现材料低温快速烧结的技术。本文综述了近几年来放电等离子烧结制备B4C陶瓷的研究现状，阐述了放电等离子烧结的基本原理和特点，着重分析了不同原料粉末和不同烧结工艺参数对B4C结构和性能的影响，最后对放电等离子烧结B4C陶瓷的发展做出了展望。
    Abstract: B4C is a critical industrial material, which is widely used in parts processing, aerospace, armor protection, and nuclear industry. Spark plasma sintering (SPS) technology can realize the rapid sintering of materials at low temperature through the multi field coupling. The research status of B4C ceramics sintered by SPS in recent years was reviewed in this paper. The basic principle and characteristics of SPS were expounded. The effects of the raw powders and sintering parameters on the composition and properties of B4C were emphatically analyzed. Finally, the development of B4C ceramics sintered by SPS was prospected.
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  • 图  1  ZrO2（a）和TiN（b）试样内部温度分布（1500 ℃保温）[14]

    Figure  1.  Temperature distributions inside the ZrO2 (a) and TiN (b) samples at 1500 ℃[14]

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    图  2  氮气气氛下放电等离子烧结样品晶界显微形貌[21]：（a）扫描透射电子显微形貌；（b）能量过滤成像形貌

    Figure  2.  Grain boundaries in the diluted samples pepared by SPS in the N2-gas atmosphere[21]: (a) scanning transmission electron microscopy images; (b) energy filtered transmission electron microscopy images

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    图  3  相似放电等离子烧结条件下不同混合方式混合B+C粉末获得的B4C陶瓷典型微观结构[22]：（a）、（d）常规混合；（b）、（e）高能球磨，5 min；（c）、（f）高能球磨，15 min

    Figure  3.  Typical microstructure of the B4C ceramics obtained from the B+C powders in different mixing methods under the similar SPS conditions[22]: (a), (d) conventional mixing; (b), (e) high energy ball milling (HEBM), 5 min; (c), (f) HEBM, 15 min

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    图  4  1700 ℃放电等离子烧结B4C‒SiC复合材料中裂纹扩展显微形貌[28]

    Figure  4.  Microstructure of the crack propagation in the B4C‒SiC composites prepared by SPS at 1700 ℃[28]

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    图  5  碳化硼样品压痕形貌[31]：（a）含Si碳化硼；（b）纯碳化硼

    Figure  5.  Typical indent morphologies of boron carbide[31]: (a) B4C with Si; (b) B4C without Si

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    图  6  单体B4C陶瓷和B4C复合材料磨损曲线（a）和同一尺度下残余磨损痕迹的光学形貌（b）[35]

    Figure  6.  Wear curves (a) and the optical images of the residual wear scar at the same scale (b) for the monolithic B4C ceramic and B4C composites[35]

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    图  7  TiB2摩尔分数对B4C‒TiB2复合材料硬度和韧性（a）及晶粒尺寸（b）的影响[37]

    Figure  7.  Effect of the TiB2 mole fraction on the hardness, toughness (a), and grain size (b) of the B4C‒TiB2 composites[37]

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    图  8  SiC质量分数对B4C‒TiB2‒SiC复合材料力学性能的影响[38]：（a）相对密度和弯曲强度；（b）硬度和断裂韧性

    Figure  8.  Effect of the SiC mass fraction on the mechanical properties of the B4C‒TiB2‒SiC composites[38]: (a) relative density and bending strength; (b) hardness and fracture toughness

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    图  9  纯B4C（a）和B4C/h-BN（添加体积分数2%c-BN）（b）蚀刻表面显微形貌[39]

    Figure  9.  Microstructure of the etched surfaces for the pure B4C (a) and B4C/h-BN (addingc-BN with the volume fraction of 2%) (b)[39]

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    图  10  B4C‒SiC复合材料相对密度随SiC体积分数、Y2O3质量分数和烧结温度的变化[40]

    Figure  10.  Effect of SiC volume fraction, Y2O3 mass fraction, and sintering temperature on the relative density of the spark plasma sintered B4C‒SiC composites[40]

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    图  11  放电等离子烧结过程中B/C原子比的变化（a）和烧结试样相对密度与B/C原子比的关系（b）[41]

    Figure  11.  Altering B/C by atom during SPS processing(a) and the relative density of the sintered specimens as a function of B/C by atom (b)[41]

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    图  12  Al2O3质量分数对放电等离子烧结B4C陶瓷力学性能的影响[42]：（a）相对密度；（b）硬度和断裂韧性

    Figure  12.  Effect of Al2O3 mass fraction on the mechanical properties of the B4C ceramics by SPS[42]: (a) relative density; (b) hardness and fracture toughness

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    图  13  质量分数5%(Ti3SiC2+Si)‒B4C陶瓷透射电子显微形貌及对应I、II、III晶粒能谱分析[44]

    Figure  13.  TEM images of the 5%(Ti3SiC2+Si)‒B4C ceramics by mass and the energy spectrum analysis of the corresponding grains I, II, and III[44]

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    图  14  (TiB2+SiC)质量分数对放电等离子烧结B4C陶瓷力学性能的影响[45]：（a）相对密度、硬度和密度；（b）弯曲强度和断裂韧性

    Figure  14.  Effect of (TiB2+SiC) mass fraction on the mechanical properties of the B4C ceramics by SPS[45]: (a) relative density, hardness, and density; (b) flexural strength and fracture toughness

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    表  1  不同放电等离子烧结工艺下样品的相对密度、维氏硬度、断裂韧性及动态韧性[20]

    Table  1.   Relative density, Vickers hardness, fracture toughness, and dynamic toughness of the samples prepared by the different SPS processes[20]

    样品 放电等离子烧结工艺 相对密度 / % 硬度 / GPa 断裂韧性 / (MPa·m1/2) 动态韧性 / (MJ·m‒2)
    A 1600 ℃/20 min/300 MPa 95.6 27.6±1.8 6.6±0.7 19.3
    B 2100 ℃/10 min/50 MPa 97.8 35.3±2.6 3.8±0.4 5.1
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  1750 ℃放电等离子烧结B4C‒SiC复合材料相对密度和硬度[40]

    Table  2.   Relative density and hardness of the spark plasma sintered B4C‒SiC composites at 1750 ℃[40]

    试样 相对密度 / % 硬度 / GPa
    B4C+5%SiC（反应烧结） 97.7 35.0±0.7
    B4C+10%SiC（反应烧结） 93.8 34.5±0.7
    B4C+15%SiC（反应烧结） 91.2 33.1±0.7
    B4C+20%SiC（反应烧结） 88.3 32.1±0.7
    B4C+5%SiC 98.0 34.4±0.5
    B4C+10%SiC 98.0 33.4±0.3
    B4C+15%SiC 97.8 31.1±0.5
    B4C+5%SiC+5%Y2O3 98.3 35.3±0.4
    B4C+10%SiC+5%Y2O3 98.8 34.4±0.4
    B4C+15%SiC+5%Y2O3 98.2 33.0±0.6
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2020-12-11
  • 刊出日期:  2022-12-23

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