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摘要: 氮化铝因高导热和绝缘性得到广泛应用，目前全球氮化铝应用市场处于高速成长期，对氮化铝的需求也在持续增长。氮化铝粉末是制备氮化铝陶瓷的关键原料，其性质对后续制备的氮化铝陶瓷性能有决定性影响。本文整理对比了微米级与纳米级氮化铝粉末的制备方法并对未来氮化铝粉末制备的研究方向和发展趋势提出了展望。Abstract: Aluminum nitride has been widely applied for the high thermal conductivity and insulating properties. Nowadays, the global aluminum nitride application market is in the high growth stage as well as the demand for aluminum nitride is growing continuously. Aluminum nitride powders are the critical raw materials for the synthesis of aluminum nitride ceramics, and the properties of the aluminum nitride powders dominate the properties of the aluminum nitride ceramics. In the paper, the preparation methods of micrometer- and nanometer-sized aluminum nitride powders have been compared. Moreover, the future research directions and development trend of preparing aluminum nitride powders have been pointed out.
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Key words:
- aluminum nitride /
- powder synthesis process /
- functional ceramics /
- nanopowders
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图 2 AlN颗粒透射电子显微形貌和电子能量损失谱[16]：（a）未加入碳的AlN颗粒显微形貌；（b）加入3%碳的AlN颗粒显微形貌；（c）未加入碳的AlN颗粒表面电子能量损失谱；（d）加入3%碳的AlN颗粒表面电子能量损失谱
Figure 2. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) of AlN powders[16]: (a) TEM images without carbon additive; (b) TEM images with 3% carbon additive by mass; (c) EELS spectra without carbon additive; (d) EELS spectra with 3% carbon additive by mass
图 7 溶液燃烧合成AlN前驱物和合成纳米AlN粉末显微形貌和元素分布：（a）AlN前驱物显微形貌[23]；（b）～（d）AlN前驱物元素分布[23]；（e）纳米AlN粉末显微形貌[8]；（f）具有六边形结构AlN粉末显微形貌[13]
Figure 7. Microstructure and element distribution of the AlN precursors and AlN powders prepared by solution combustion synthesis: (a) microstructure of the AlN precursors[23]; (b)~(d) element distribution of the AlN precursors[23]; (e) microstructure of the AlN powders[8]; (f) microstructure of the AlN powders with hexagonal structure[13]
表 1 混粉过程中所用的原料及配比（质量分数）[46]
Table 1. Raw materials and compositions used in the powder mixing process[46]
% 试样编号 C Al2O3 CaF2 Y2O3 Li2Oa SrOa AP 32.0 68.0 — — — — AC 31.4 65.6 3.0 — — — ACY 30.4 64.6 3.0 2.00 — — ACL 30.4 64.6 3.0 — 2.0 — ACS 30.4 64.6 3.0 — — 2.00 ACYL 30.4 30.4 3.0 1.50 0.5 — ACYLS 30.4 30.4 3.0 0.75 0.5 0.75 注：a表示以碳酸盐形式添加 
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表 2 制备纳米AlN粉末的方法及特点
Table 2. Methods and characteristics of the nanometer AlN powder preparation
方法 特点 直接氮化法 纯度不高，转化率较低 湿化学法 原材料经济易得，能耗低，混合均匀 化学气相沉积法 产物纯度较高，但结晶度不高 高能物理辅助法 反应伴随较强的机械、光、热、电磁效应 机械化学法 室温球磨，反应时间长，残余应力较高
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