Effects of C and Cr contents on microstructure and physical properties of powder forged Fe–Cu–C–Cr alloys
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摘要: 通过改变粉末锻造Fe–Cu–C–Cr合金中C、Cr的质量分数，研究C、Cr含量对合金组织和物理性能的影响。结果表明：在不添加Cr的情况下，合金的组织主要为铁素体和渗碳体，合金硬度和抗拉强度随C含量的增加小幅增加，C含量对合金最终摩擦系数的影响不大；添加Cr元素后，合金密度降低，组织也较为复杂，合金硬度随Cr含量的增加而增加，最高可达HRA 68.6。C和Cr共同影响合金高温抗拉强度，Fe–2Cu–0.5C–5Cr抗拉强度最高，为378 MPa。合金摩擦系数随Cr含量的增加而减小，当Cr质量分数为10%时，合金最终摩擦系数为0.195，磨损方式为氧化磨损和少量的磨粒磨损。
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关键词:
- 粉末锻造 /
- Fe–Cu–C–Cr合金 /
- 元素含量 /
- 物理性能
Abstract: The effects of C and Cr contents on the microstructure and physical properties of the powder forged Fe–Cu–C–Cr alloys were studied by changing the mass fraction of C and Cr elements. The results show that, the microstructures of the alloys are mainly composed of ferrite and cementite without Cr element, and the hardness and tensile strength of the alloys increase slightly with the increase of C content, showing little effect on the final friction coefficient of the alloys. After adding the Cr element, the alloy density decreases and the microstructure is more complex. The alloy hardness increases with the increase of Cr content, up to HRA 68.6. The high temperature tensile strength of the alloys is influenced by C and Cr, the tensile strength of Fe–2Cu–0.5C–5Cr is the highest (378 MPa). The friction coefficient of the alloys decreases with the increase of Cr content. When the mass fraction of Cr is 10%, the final friction coefficient is 0.195, the wear mode is mainly oxidation wear with a small amount of abrasive wear.-
Key words:
- powder forging /
- Fe–Cu–C–Cr alloys /
- element content /
- physical properties
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图 2 含有不同质量分数Cr的Fe–2Cu–0.2C–yCr孔隙分布：（a）y=0；（b）y=5；（c）y=10
Figure 2. Pore distribution of the Fe–2Cu–0.2C–yCr with the different mass fraction of Cr: (a) y=0; (b) y=5; (c) y=10
图 3 Fe–2Cu–xC粉末锻造合金微观组织：（a）x=0.2；（b）x=0.5；（c）x=0.8
Figure 3. Microstructures of the Fe–2Cu–xC powder forged alloys: (a) x=0.2; (b) x=0.5; (c) x=0.8
图 4 Fe–2Cu–0.8C–yCr粉末锻造合金微观组织：（a）y=0；（b）y=5；（c）y=10；（d）y=10（王水腐蚀）
Figure 4. Microstructures of the Fe–2Cu–0.8C–yCr powder forged alloys: (a) y=0; (b) y=5; (c) y=10; (d) y=10 corroded by aqua regia
图 5 Fe–2Cu–xC–5Cr粉末锻造合金显微组织：（a）x=0.2；（b）x=0.5；（c）x=0.8
Figure 5. Microstructures of the Fe–2Cu–xC–5Cr powder forged alloys: (a) x=0.2; (b) x=0.5; (c) x=0.8
图 6 Fe–2Cu–xC–yCr（x=0.2、0.5、0.8，y=0、5、10）粉末锻造合金表观硬度
Figure 6. Hardness of the Fe–2Cu–xC–yCr (x=0.2, 0.5, 0.8, y=0, 5, 10) powder forged alloys
图 7 Fe–2Cu–0.2C–yCr（y=0、5、10）粉末锻造合金的X射线衍射图谱
Figure 7. XRD patterns of the Fe–2Cu–0.2C–yCr (y=0、5、10) powder forged alloys
图 8 Fe–2Cu–xC–yCr（x=0.2、0.5、0.8；y=0、5、10）粉末锻造合金高温抗拉强度（a）和延伸率（b）
Figure 8. High temperature tensile strength (a) and elongation (b) of the Fe–2Cu–xC–yCr (x=0.2, 0.5, 0.8; y=0, 5, 10) powder forged alloys
图 9 Fe–2Cu–0.2C–yCr粉末锻造合金断口形貌：（a）y=0；（b）y=5；（c）y=10
Figure 9. Fracture morphology of the Fe–2Cu–0.2C–yCr powder forged alloys: (a) y=0; (b) y=5; (c) y=10
图 10 粉末锻造合金摩擦系数随时间和温度变化曲线：（a）Fe–2Cu–xC（x=0.2、0.5、0.8）；（b）Fe–2Cu–xC–5Cr（x=0.2、0.5、0.8）；（c）Fe–2Cu–0.5C–yCr（y=0、5、10）
Figure 10. Friction coefficient of the powder forged alloys with the different time and temperature: (a) Fe–2Cu–xC (x=0.2, 0.5, 0.8); (b) Fe–2Cu–xC–5Cr (x=0.2, 0.5, 0.8); (c) Fe–2Cu–0.5C–yCr (y=0, 5, 10)
图 11 Fe–2Cu–0.5C–yCr摩擦表面的扫描电子显微形貌及能谱元素面分布：（a）y=0；（b）y=5；（c）y=10
Figure 11. Friction surface SEM images and EDS analysis of Fe–2Cu–0.5C–yCr: (a) y=0; (b) y=5; (c) y=10
表 1 粉末锻造合金相对密度
Table 1. Relative density of the powder forged alloys
% C质量分数 / % Cr质量分数 / % 0 5 10 0.2 99.6 97.8 96.9 0.5 99.5 97.6 96.4 0.8 99.1 97.1 95.9 
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