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摘要: 钛及钛合金具有低比重、高比强度、优异的生物相容性以及良好的耐腐蚀性等特点,在航空航天、生物医疗、化工、船舶、汽车等领域极具应用潜力。钛合金粉末注射成形技术(powder injection molding,PIM)提高了材料的利用率,实现了中小型复杂形状钛产品的大批量、低成本制备,显著地推动了钛及钛合金产品的生产及应用。目前关于粉末注射成形钛合金粘结剂体系的相关文献报道十分有限,新型粉末注射成形钛合金粘结剂体系的开发处于停滞不前的状态。本文分析总结了不同粉末注射成形钛合金粘结剂体系的研究现状,并针对目前存在的问题提出改进措施。Abstract: Titanium and titanium alloys have the low specific gravity, high specific strength, excellent biocompatibility, and good corrosion resistance, showing the great application potential in the aerospace, biomedicine, chemical engineering, shipbuilding, automobile, and other fields. The powder injection molding (PIM) technology used for titanium alloys increases the utilization rate of materials, realizes the large-scale and low-cost preparation of small and medium-sized titanium products with complex shape, and significantly promotes the development of titanium and its alloys. At present, there are few reports about the titanium alloy binder system for powder injection molding, and the development of new type titanium alloy binder system for powder injection molding is in a stagnating state. The research status of the different titanium alloy binder systems for powder injection molding was introduced in this paper, and some improvements for the existing problems were suggested as the reference for researchers.
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Key words:
- titanium alloys /
- powder injection molding /
- binders /
- debinding
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图 2 部分粉末注射成形钛合金产品:(a)德国TiJet公司制备的工程应用零部件;(b)德国TiJet公司制备生物医用零部件;(c)Ti‒6Al‒7Nb合金骨螺钉;(d)CP-Ti人工镫骨;(e)钛合金眼镜架;(f)Ti‒6Al‒4V表壳实物
Figure 2. Parts of titanium alloy products by powder injection molding: (a) parts of engineering applications prepared by TiJet; (b) parts of biomedical applications prepared by TiJet; (c) Ti‒6Al‒7Nb bone screws; (d) CP-Ti artificial stapes; (e) titanium alloy spectacle frames; (f) Ti‒6Al‒4V watchcase
表 1 粉末注射成形钛合金常用粘结剂骨架剂组元的热力学性质
Table 1. Thermodynamic properties of the skeleton components of titanium alloys by powder injection molding
聚合物组元 结构 热分解行为 热分解起始
温度 / ℃热分解结束
温度 / ℃分解原理 产物类型 高密度聚乙烯(HDPE) 368 498 随机断链 烷烃、烯烃、少量单体 低密度聚乙烯(LDPE) 355 467 随机断链 烷烃、烯烃、少量单体 聚丙烯(PP) 304 420 随机断链 烷烃、烯烃、少量单体 聚苯乙烯(PS) 236 426 随机断链 苯乙烯单体、二聚体及三聚体 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA) 278 428 端链断裂 单体(约90%~100%) 乙烯—醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA) 306 491 链式剥离 乙酸、1-丁烯、CO2、
CO、乙烯、甲烷聚甲醛(POM) 180 395 端链断裂 甲醛单体 注:以上各聚合物的热分解温度都是通过热分析曲线获得。 -
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