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金属粉末注射成形技术及其数值模拟

侯成龙,  郭俊卿,  陈拂晓,  皇涛

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侯成龙, 郭俊卿, 陈拂晓, 皇涛. 金属粉末注射成形技术及其数值模拟[J]. 粉末冶金技术, 2022, 40(1): 72-79. doi: 10.19591/j.cnki.cn11-1974/tf.2020120007
引用本文: 侯成龙, 郭俊卿, 陈拂晓, 皇涛. 金属粉末注射成形技术及其数值模拟[J]. 粉末冶金技术, 2022, 40(1): 72-79. doi: 10.19591/j.cnki.cn11-1974/tf.2020120007
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HOU Cheng-long, GUO Jun-qing, CHEN Fu-xiao, HUANG Tao. Metal powder injection molding technology and numerical simulation[J]. Powder Metallurgy Technology, 2022, 40(1): 72-79. doi: 10.19591/j.cnki.cn11-1974/tf.2020120007
Citation: HOU Cheng-long, GUO Jun-qing, CHEN Fu-xiao, HUANG Tao. Metal powder injection molding technology and numerical simulation[J]. Powder Metallurgy Technology, 2022, 40(1): 72-79. doi: 10.19591/j.cnki.cn11-1974/tf.2020120007
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金属粉末注射成形技术及其数值模拟

doi: 10.19591/j.cnki.cn11-1974/tf.2020120007
  • 1.

    河南科技大学材料科学与工程学院, 洛阳 471023

  • 2.

    河南科技大学有色金属新材料与先进加工技术省部共建协同创新中心, 洛阳 471023

详细信息
    通讯作者:

    E-mail: guojq@haust.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: TG142.71

Metal powder injection molding technology and numerical simulation

  • 1.

    School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China

  • 2.

    Provinces and Ministerial Co-construction of Collaborative Innovation Center for Non-ferrous new Materials and Advanced Processing Technology, Luoyang 471023, China

More Information

    摘要
  • 摘要: 金属粉末注射成形技术可以大批量、低成本地制造高性能异形精密零部件，是当前先进制造技术领域研究的热点之一。本文概述了金属粉末注射成形的工艺，包括粉末制备、粘结剂选取、混料、注射以及后续的脱脂、烧结，介绍了金属粉末注射成形的发展过程、现状及新工艺，深入分析了金属粉末注射成形数值模拟，在此基础上展望了金属粉末注射成形的发展趋势。
    Abstract: Metal powder injection molding (MIM) can be used to manufacture the high performance precision parts with the special shape in large quantities and low cost, which is regarded as one of the research hotspots in the field of the advanced manufacturing technology. The MIM technology was summarized in this paper, including the powder preparation, the binder selection, the mixing, the injection, and the subsequent debinding and sintering. The development, status, and new technology of MIM were introduced, the numerical simulation of MIM was deeply analyzed, and the development trend of MIM was prospected.
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  • 图  1  金属粉末注射成形技术工艺流程图

    Figure  1.  Flow chart of the metal powder injection molding

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    图  2  密炼机（a）和造粒机（b）

    Figure  2.  Mixer (a) and the granulator (b)

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    图  3  316L不锈钢粉末扫描电子显微形貌

    Figure  3.  SEM images of the 316L stainless steel powders

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    图  4  喂料充模流动机理

    Figure  4.  Filling flow mechanism of the feeding

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    图  5  梯度负压脱脂技术装置示意图[25]

    Figure  5.  Schematic diagram of the gradient vacuum degreasing technology[25]

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    图  6  脱脂后样品的微观结构：（a）LFPP；（b）HFPP[25]

    Figure  6.  Microstructure of the sample after degreasing: (a) LFPP; (b) HFPP[25]

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图  7  分压控制式真空脱脂烧结一体炉示意图[28]

    Figure  7.  Schematic diagram of the partial pressure controlled vacuum degreasing and sintering integrated furnace[28]

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    图  8  微注射成形零件：（a）氦冷却偏滤器[34‒35]；（b）316L不锈钢微型台阶齿轮[38]

    Figure  8.  Micro injection molding parts: (a) helium cooled divertor[34‒35]; (b) 316L stainless steel miniature step gear[38]

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    图  9  2017年世界金属粉末注射成形产业市场分布[40]

    Figure  9.  Market distribution of the world MIM industry in 2017[40]

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    图  10  Iwai颗粒模型示意图[51]

    Figure  10.  Schematic diagram of Iwai particle model[51]

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    表  1  金属粉末注射成形常用材料系列

    Table  1.   Common material series in MIM

    材料系列合金成分
    低合金钢Fe–2Ni，Fe–8Ni
    不锈钢304L，314L，316L，440A，440C，17-4PH
    硬质合金WC–6Co
    重合金W–Ni–Fe，W–Ni–Cu，W–Cu
    工具钢42CrMo4，M2
    钛合金TiAl，Ti–6Al–4V，TiMo
    陶瓷ZrO2，Si3N4，AlN，Al2O3，SiO2
    新型合金Fe–Al–Si，无Ni奥氏体不锈钢
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  金属粉末注射成形常用粘结剂体系及其优缺点

    Table  2.   Common binder systems and the characteristics of MIM

    粘结剂体系优点缺点
    热塑性体系石蜡基粘结剂熔点低，流动性好，可填充复杂模腔；聚合物基粘结剂强度高，保形性好。石蜡冷却时体积收缩大，注射时薄壁与厚壁的交界处应力较大；聚合物基粘结剂黏度高，混料难度大
    热固性体系脱脂时间短，可制备较大尺寸零件注射坯强度低，脱脂不完全，注射料不能重复利用
    凝胶水基体系脱模简单，注射坯强度高，脱脂简单快速，
    可生产大尺寸零件    		粘结剂中的水受热挥发影响注射料黏度，并且水对金属粉末有一定的氧化作用，凝胶化时间长，脱模困难
    水溶性体系绿色环保，不污染环境注射坯易变形，不适合生产烧结密度高的产品
    下载: 导出CSV
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