Preparation and performance of ARZ ceramic particle reinforced 316L stainless steel composites
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摘要: 采用粉末冶金工艺制备了Al2O3增强ZrO2（alumina reinforced zirconia，ARZ）陶瓷颗粒增强316L不锈钢（316L不锈钢/ARZ）复合材料，研究了ARZ陶瓷颗粒体积分数对316L不锈钢/ARZ复合材料的微观组织、相对密度、硬度、耐磨性的影响。结果表明：当ARZ陶瓷颗粒体积分数为20%时，复合材料的相对密度达到97.53%，与不锈钢基体相当；继续加入ARZ陶瓷，陶瓷颗粒发生团聚降低了复合材料相对密度。316L不锈钢/ARZ复合材料的硬度随着ARZ陶瓷颗粒体积分数的增高而增大，当ARZ陶瓷颗粒的体积分数为60%时，复合材料的硬度达到最大值HRB 96.8。复合材料耐磨性优于不锈钢基体，其中含有体积分数为60%ARZ陶瓷颗粒的复合材料体积磨损率较基体减少了4.2倍；随着ARZ陶瓷颗粒含量的增加，复合材料的耐磨性提高，复合材料的磨损机理主要为316L不锈钢的剥落。Abstract: Alumina reinforced zirconia (ARZ) ceramic particle reinforced 316L stainless steel (316L stainless steel/ARZ) composites were prepared by powder metallurgy. The effects of ARZ ceramic particle volume fraction on the microstructure, relative density, hardness, and wear resistance of 316L stainless steel/ARZ composites were investigated. The results show that, when the ARZ volume fraction is 20%, the relative density of the composite reaches 97.53%, which is similar to that of the stainless steel matrix. The agglomeration of ceramic particles decreases the relative density of the composite when the ARZ ceramic particles are added. The hardness of 316L stainless steel/ARZ composites increases with the increase of ARZ volume fraction. When the volume fraction of ARZ ceramic particles is 60%, the hardness of composites reaches the maximum as HRB 96.8. The wear resistance of the composites is better than that of the stainless steel matrix, and the volume wear rate of the composites with the ARZ volume fraction of 60% is 4.2 times lower than that of the matrix. The wear resistance of the composites increases with the increase of ARZ ceramic particle content. The abrasion mechanism of 316L stainless steel/ARZ composites is mainly the desquamation of 316L stainless steel particles.
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图 1 原料粉末微观形貌：（a）ARZ；（b）316L不锈钢
Figure 1. Morphology of the raw material powders: (a) ARZ; (b) 316L stainless steels
图 2 316L不锈钢/ARZ坯料脱脂烧结升温曲线
Figure 2. Debinding and sintering temperature curve of the 316L stainless steel/ARZ billets
图 3 含不同体积分数ARZ复合材料扫描电子显微形貌：（a）0；（b）20%；（c）40%；（d）60%
Figure 3. SEM images of the composites with the different volume fraction of ARZ: (a) 0; (b) 20%; (c) 40%; (d) 60%
图 4 含有体积分数40%ARZ的复合材料界面放大图及能谱面扫图
Figure 4. Magnified view and the EDS mapping images of the composites interface with the ARZ volume fraction of 40%
图 5 含不同ARZ体积分数的复合材料相对密度
Figure 5. Relative density of the composites with the different volume fraction of ARZ
图 6 含不同体积分数ARZ复合材料的硬度
Figure 6. Hardness of the composites with the different volume fraction of ARZ
图 7 含有不同体积分数ARZ的复合材料的体积磨损率
Figure 7. Volume wear rate of composites with different volume fraction of ARZ
图 8 含不同体积分数ARZ复合材料的摩擦系数
Figure 8. Friction coefficient of the composites with the different volume fraction of ARZ
图 9 含不同体积分数ARZ复合材料的磨损形貌：（a）0；（b）20%；（c）40%；（d）60%
Figure 9. Wear morphology of the composites with the different volume fraction of ARZ: (a) 0; (b) 20%; (c) 40%; (d) 60%
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