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摘要: 为制备3D打印用粉末原料，选用真空自耗电弧熔炼技术制备的无“β斑”Ti‒1Al‒8V‒5Fe（Ti185）合金锭，经高温锻造成ϕ100 mm棒材作为电极棒，采用等离子旋转电极雾化技术制备球形Ti185合金粉末，利用振动筛分法、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射分析等手段对粉末性能进行表征。结果表明：Ti185合金粉末粒度分布较宽，主要在44～150 μm之间，粉末的氧含量（质量分数）≤0.14%，粒度≤44 μm粉末的收得率为11.6%。粒度≤150 μm粉末的流动性为24.79 [s∙(50 g)‒1]，松装密度为2.79 g∙cm‒3，振实密度为2.99 g∙cm‒3。等离子旋转电极雾化技术冷却速度快，所制备的Ti185合金粉末均为β相，粉末颗粒球形度较高，基本无卫星粉。此外，粒度≥124 μm的粉末表面为胞状枝晶组织，存在少量很浅的凸凹不平的微小缩孔，内部组织为快速凝固形成的胞状结构，晶界粗大明显，呈多点形核特征。随着粉末粒度的减小，冷却速度提高，粉末颗粒表面的胞状枝晶组织逐渐减少，粒度44 μm以下粉末颗粒的表面较光滑，内部组织形核点明显增多且呈现放射状生长趋势，组织明显细化。Abstract: The spherical Ti‒1Al‒8V‒5Fe alloy (Ti185) powders used for the additive manufacturing were prepared by plasma rotating electrode atomization (PREP), using the high temperature forged Ti185 rods with the diameter of 100 mm as the electrode bar, using the Ti185 alloy ingots without “βspots” prepared by vacuum consumable arc melting as the raw materials. The properties of the Ti185 powders were characterized by vibration sieving, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). In the results, the particle size distribution of the Ti185 powders is wide, mainly in the range of 44~150 μm. The powder yield with the particle size less than 44 μm is 11.6%. The oxygen content of the powders (mass fraction) is less than 0.14%. The powder fluidity with the particle size less than 150 μm is 24.79 [s∙(50 g)‒1], the bulk density is 2.79g∙cm‒3, and the tap density is 2.99 g∙cm‒3. The Ti185 powders are composed of β phase due to the rapidly cooling during the PREP process. The powders exhibit the high sphericity without the satellite powders. The powders with the particle size larger than 124 μm show the cellular dendrite structure with the small amount of rough and uneven micro pores on the surface of powders. The internal organization of the powders shows the characteristics of multi-point nucleation with the cellular structure and coarse grains after the rapid solidification. With the decrease of particle size and the increase of cooling rate, the cellular dendrite structure on the surface of powders decreases gradually, showing the smooth surface for the powder particle size less than 44 μm. Meanwhile the internal organization of the powders shows a radial growth trend and significant refinement.
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图 2 等离子旋转电极雾化制粉原理示意图（a）及等离子旋转电极雾化制粉设备实物图（b）
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of the PREP process (a) and the outside view of PREP equipment (b)
图 3 等离子旋转电极雾化法制备Ti185合金粉末显微形貌（a）与粒度分布（b）
Figure 3. Microstructure (a) and particle size distribution (b) of the Ti185 alloy powders prepared by PREP
图 4 VIGA-CC法制备TiAlNb合金粉末显微形貌
Figure 4. Microstructure of the TiAlNb alloy powders prepared by VIGA-CC
图 5 不同粒度Ti185粉末表面形貌：（a）150～250 μm；（b）74～96 μm；（c）44 μm；（d）、（e）、（f）分别为（a）、（b）、（c）局部放大
Figure 5. Surface morphology of the Ti185 powders with the different particle sizes: (a) 150～250 μm; (b) 74～96 μm; (c) 44 μm; (d), (e), and (f) the high-resolution images of (a), (b), and (c), respectively
图 6 不同粒度Ti185粉末截面形貌：（a）150～250 μm；（b）74～96 μm；（c）44 μm；（d）、（e）、（f）分别为（a）、（b）、（c）局部放大
Figure 6. Microstructure of the Ti185 powders with the different particle sizes on the cross section: (a) 150～250 μm; (b) 74～96 μm; (c) 44 μm; (d), (e), and (f) the high-resolution images of (a), (b), and (c), respectively
图 7 不同粒度Ti185粉末X射线衍射分析
Figure 7. XRD analysis of the Ti185 powders in the different particle sizes
表 1 等离子旋转电极雾化制备Ti185粉末的化学成分（质量分数）
Table 1. Chemical composition of the Ti185 powders prepared by PREP
% C N H O Fe Al V Ti 0.015 0.006 0.003 0.120 4.430 1.370 7.970 余量 
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