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摘要: 钨是核聚变示范堆、散裂中子源及半导体领域中非常重要的一种难熔金属材料，通过对钨板进行轧制变形可以得到各项预期性能。本文通过DEFORM软件模拟大尺寸钨板坯料的轧制，分析轧制方式对损伤因子（损伤值）和应变的影响。结果发现，单向轧制的损伤严重区域主要分布在坯料侧面边缘处，易发生裂纹；交叉轧制对的损伤严重区域比较均匀地分布在坯料四周，由损伤累积产生韧性裂纹的倾向性小。交叉轧制板材在轧制方向的应变曲线在到达一次“最高值”后会下降到上一道次的横向应变，形成“最小值”，两次应变最大值的差值比单向轧制的小。Abstract: Tungsten is a very important refractory metal in the fields of nuclear fusion demonstration reactor, spallation neutron source, and semiconductor. The expected properties of tungsten plates can be obtained by rolling and deforming. The DEFORM software was used to simulate the rolling of tungsten plates in large size in this paper, and the influence of rolling mode on damage factor (damage value) and strain was analyzed. The results show that, the serious damage area for one-way rolling is mainly distributed at the side edge of the billets, which is easy to produce cracks; the serious damage area for cross rolling is uniformly distributed around the billets. The strain curves of cross rolling in the rolling direction may reach a “maximum value” and then descend to a “minimum value”, and the difference of strain between the two maximum value is smaller in cross rolling than that in one-way rolling.
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Key words:
- tungsten plates /
- rolling /
- numerical simulation /
- large size billets
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图 1 单向轧制各道次损伤分布：（a）第1道次；（b）第2道次；（c）第3道次；（d）第4道次；（e）第5道次
Figure 1. Damage distribution of each pass in one-way rolling: (a) first pass; (b) second pass; (c) third pass; (d) fourth pass; (e) fifth pass
图 2 第5道次行程载荷曲线（a）及密度分布（b）
Figure 2. Load curve (a) and density distribution (b) of the fifth pass
图 3 交叉轧制各道次损伤分布：（a）第1道次；（b）第2道次；（c）第3道次；（d）第4道次；（e）第5道次
Figure 3. Damage distribution of each pass in cross rolling: (a) first pass; (b) second pass; (c) third pass; (d) fourth pass; (e) fifth pass
图 4 某点在各道次沿轧制方向塑性应变曲线：（a）第1道次；（b）第2道次；（c）第3道次；（d）第4道次；（e）第5道次
Figure 4. Plastic strain curves of one point along the rolling direction at each pass: (a) first pass; (b) second pass; (c) third pass; (d) fourth pass; (e) fifth pass
图 5 不同轧制方式的损伤分布比较：（a）单向轧制；（b）交叉轧制
Figure 5. Damage distribution in different rolling modes: (a) one-way rolling; (b) cross rolling
图 6 两种不同轧制方式沿轧制方向应变曲线
Figure 6. Strain curves along rolling direction for two different rolling modes
表 1 单向轧制各道次变形参数
Table 1. Deformation parameters of each pass for one-way rolling
道次 厚度 / mm 压下量 / mm 变形率 / % 1 23.5 8.5 26.6 2 17.5 6.0 25.5 3 13.0 4.5 25.7 4 9.5 3.5 26.9 5 7.0 2.5 25.9 
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表 2 交叉轧制各道次模拟参数
Table 2. Simulation parameters of each pass for the cross rolling
道次 厚度 / mm 加热温度 / ℃ 轧制方向 1 23.5 1600 横向 2 17.5 1550 换向 3 13.0 1500 换向 4 9.5 1450 换向 5 7.0 1400 换向
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