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摘要: 利用不同原料粉末制备钨坩埚样品，并于高温环境下进行应用模拟实验。结果表明，射流分级预处理有助于提升钨坩埚组织均匀性及整体性能；以费氏粒度3.0～3.5 μm的钨粉为原料，经射流分级、压制、烧结等工艺，可制得密度较高（18.770 g·cm−3）、维氏硬度较高（HV0.3 372.15）的钨制品；将该钨坩埚置于高温环境下进行模拟应用验证，其密度及微观形貌较为稳定，变化较小。Abstract: The tungsten crucible samples were prepared by using the different tungsten powders, and the application simulation experiment was carried out in high temperature environment. The results show that, the jet grading pretreatment technology is an efficient process to improve the qualities of the tungsten crucible. The tungsten products with high density (18.770 g·cm−3) and high Vickers hardness (HV0.3 372.15) are prepared by jet grading, pressing, and sintering, using the tungsten powders with the Feller size of 3.0~3.5 μm as the raw materials. Meanwhile, the simulation application of tungsten crucibles is verified in the high temperature environment, which shows that the density and microstructure are stable.
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Key words:
- tungsten crucible /
- pretreatment /
- preparation technology /
- high temperature application
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图 2 射流分级前后钨粉显微形貌：（a）分级前；（b）分级后
Figure 2. SEM images of the tungsten powders before and after the jet grading: (a) before jet grading; (b) after jet grading
图 3 不同原料粉末制备的钨制品断口形貌：（a）样品1；（b）样品2；（c）样品3；（d）样品4
Figure 3. Fracture morphology of the tungsten products using the different raw powders: (a) sample 1; (b) sample 2; (c) sample 3; (d) sample 4
图 4 高温模拟应用前后钨坩埚的显微组织形貌：（a）样品1高温模拟应用前；（b）样品1高温模拟应用后；（c）样品2高温模拟应用前；（d）样品2高温模拟应用后；（e）样品3高温模拟应用前；（f）样品3高温模拟应用后；（g）样品4高温模拟应用前；（h）样品4高温模拟应用后
Figure 4. Microstructure of the different tungsten crucibles before and after the high temperature simulation: (a) sample 1 before the high temperature simulation; (b) sample 1 after the high temperature simulation; (c) sample 2 before the high temperature simulation; (d) sample 2 after the high temperature simulation; (e) sample 3 before the high temperature simulation; (f) sample 3 after the high temperature simulation; (g) sample 4 before the high temperature simulation; (h) sample 4 after the high temperature simulation
表 1 不同粉末制得的钨制品物理性能
Table 1. Physical properties of tungsten products using different powders
原料粉末 密度 / (g·cm−3) 维氏硬度，HV0.3 样品1 18.247 309.09 样品2 18.145 315.92 样品3 18.770 372.15 样品4 18.637 347.18 
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表 2 不同样品高温模拟应用前后密度变化
Table 2. Density and dimensions of the different samples before and after the high temperature simulation
样品编号 密度 / (g·cm−3) 高温模拟应用前 高温模拟应用后 样品1 18.247 18.319 样品2 18.145 18.262 样品3 18.770 18.763 样品4 18.637 18.639
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