Preparation technology and research progress of superalloy powders used for additive manufacturing
-
摘要: 球形粉末是增材制造、粉末冶金、注射成型等制备工艺的重要原料，其成分、粒度、球形度、空心粉率等是影响最终构件性能的关键因素。本文详细介绍了真空感应熔炼气雾化法、电极感应熔炼气雾化法以及等离子旋转电极雾化法等三种可用于增材制造的工程化高温合金球形粉末的制备技术，分析了这三种制粉工艺的特点，阐述了这三种制粉工艺的研发进展，探讨了三种制粉工艺所制备的粉末缺陷形成原因及控制方法，并提出了增材制造用高温合金粉末制备技术的发展趋势。Abstract: Spherical powders are the important raw materials used for the preparation technology as the additive manufacturing, powder metallurgy, and injection molding. The composition, particle size, sphericility, and hollow powder rate of the spherical powders are the key factors for the final component performance. Three kinds of manufacture techniques for the engineering superalloy spherical powders as the vacuum induction melting gas atomization (VIGA), electrode induction melting gas atomization (EIGA), and plasma rotating electrode atomization (PREP) used for the additive manufacturing were described in this paper, the characteristics and research progress of these three kinds of manufacture techniques were analyzed, the defect formation reason and control method of the powders prepared by these three kinds of manufacture techniques were discussed, and the development trend of the superalloy powder preparation technologies used for the additive manufacturing was proposed.
-
Key words:
- superalloys /
- spherical powders /
- additive manufacturing /
- powder defects
-
-
[1] Liu L, Meng J, Liu J L, et al. Influence of Re on low-cycle fatigue behaviors of single crystal superalloys at intermediate temperature. J Mater Sci Technol, 2019, 35(9): 1917 doi: 10.1016/j.jmst.2019.05.026 [2] Hou G C, Xie J, Yu J J, et al. Room temperature tensile behaviour of K640S Co-based superalloy. Mater Sci Technol, 2019, 35(5): 530 doi: 10.1080/02670836.2019.1572298 [3] Tang L, Liang J J, Cui C Y, et al. Influence of Co content on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a Ni-Co base superalloy made by specific additive manufacturing process. Mater Sci Eng A, 2020, 786: 139438 doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2020.139438 [4] Cox S C, Thornby J A, Gibbons G J, et al. 3D printing of porous hydroxyapatite scaffolds intended for use in bone tissue engineering applications. Mater Sci Eng C, 2015, 47(2): 237 [5] Herzog D, Seyda V, Wycisk E, et al. Additive manufacturing of metals. Acta Mater, 2016, 117: 371 doi: 10.1016/j.actamat.2016.07.019 [6] Panwisawas C, Tang Y T, Reed R C. Metal 3D printing as a disruptive technology for superalloys. Nat Commun, 2020, 11(1): 2327 doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-16188-7 [7] Lei N Z. Study on Process and Properties of Spherical Metal Powder Prepared by Plasma Rotating Electrode Process [Dissertation]. Xi'an: Xi'an University of Technology, 2019雷囡芝. 等离子旋转电极雾化法制备球形金属粉末的工艺及性能研究[学位论文]. 西安: 西安理工大学, 2019 [8] Wei M W, Chen S Y, Sun M, et al. Atomization simulation and preparation of 24CrNiMoY alloy steel powder using VIGA technology at high gas pressure. Powder Technol, 2020, 367: 724 doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2020.04.030 [9] Jia W M, Chen S Y, Wei M W. Characteristics and printability of K417G nickel-base alloy powder prepared by VIGA method. Powder Metall, 2019, 62(1): 30 doi: 10.1080/00325899.2018.1546921 [10] Yang L B, Ren X N, Xia M, et al. Study on powder characteristics and effect factors of droplets size during electrode induction melting gas atomization. Rare Met Mater Eng, 2020, 49(6): 2017杨乐彪, 任晓娜, 夏敏, 等. 电极感应熔化气雾化粉末特性及液滴尺寸影响因素的研究. 稀有金属材料与工程, 2020, 49(6): 2017 [11] Guo R P, Xu L, Zong B Y P, et al. Characterization of prealloyed Ti‒6Al‒4V powders from EIGA and PREP process and mechanical properties of HIPed powder compacts. Acta Metall Sinica, 2017, 30(8): 735 doi: 10.1007/s40195-017-0540-4 [12] Jin Y, Liu P, Shi J G, et al. Effects of gas-atomized pressure on morphology and properties of TC4 powder prepared by electrode-induced gas atomization. Mater Sci Eng Powder Metall, 2018, 23(3): 312 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-0224.2018.03.012金莹, 刘平, 史金光, 等. 雾化压力对电极感应熔炼气体雾化TC4粉末形貌与性能的影响. 粉末冶金材料科学与工程, 2018, 23(3): 312 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-0224.2018.03.012 [13] Chen G, Zhao S Y, Tan P, et al. A comparative study of Ti‒6Al‒4V powders for additive manufacturing by gas atomization, plasma rotating electrode process and plasma atomization. Powder Technol, 2018, 333: 38 doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2018.04.013 [14] Liu J, Xu N H, Yu J N. Preparation of TC4 alloy powder by plasma rotating electrode atomization. Ningxia Eng Technol, 2016, 15(4): 340 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-7244.2016.04.011刘军, 许宁辉, 于建宁. 用等离子旋转电极雾化法制备TC4合金粉末的研究. 宁夏工程技术, 2016, 15(4): 340 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-7244.2016.04.011 [15] Wang H, Bai R M, Zhou X M, et al. Comparative analysis of Inconel718 powder prepared by PREP method and AA method. New Technol New Prod China, 2019(19): 1 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-9957.2019.19.002王华, 白瑞敏, 周晓明, 等. PREP法和AA法制取Inconel718粉末对比分析. 中国新技术新产品, 2019(19): 1 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-9957.2019.19.002 [16] He J, Ma S Z, Zhang X G, et al. Research progress and prospects of metal powder preparation technology for additive manufacturing. Mech Eng Mater, 2020, 44(11): 46何杰, 马士洲, 张兴高, 等. 增材制造用金属粉末制备技术研究现状及展望. 机械工程材料, 2020, 44(11): 46 [17] Anderson I E, Terpstra R L. Progress toward gas atomization processing with increased uniformity and control. Mater Sci Eng A, 2002, 326(1): 101 doi: 10.1016/S0921-5093(01)01427-7 [18] Allimant A, Planche M P, Bailly Y, et al. Progress in gas atomization of liquid metals by means of a De Laval nozzle. Powder Technol, 2009, 190(1-2): 79 doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2008.04.071 [19] Strauss J T. Hotter gas increase atomization efficiency. Met Powder Rep, 1999, 54(11): 24 doi: 10.1016/S0026-0657(00)86269-4 [20] Putimtsev B N. Effect of blast parameters on the mechanism of disintegration of a molten metal jet and on the properties of atomized powders. Powder Metall Met Ceram, 1972, 11(2): 85 doi: 10.1007/BF00814036 [21] Ozbilen S, Unal A, Sheppard T. Influence of superheat on particle shape and size of gas atomised copper powders. Powder Metall, 1991, 34(1): 53 doi: 10.1179/pom.1991.34.1.53 [22] Basak C B, Krishnan M, Kumar R, et al. Characterization and process evaluation of Ni–Ti–Fe shape memory alloy macro-spheres directly fabricated via rotating electrode process. J Alloys Compd, 2014, 597(11): 15 [23] Wosch E, Feldhaus S, Gammal T E. Rapid solidification of steel droplets in plasma rotating electrode process. ISIJ Int, 1995, 35(6): 764 doi: 10.2355/isijinternational.35.764 [24] Liu S W, Duan W C, Dong B B. Effect of PREP process parameters on properties of AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy powder for 3D printing. Nonferrous Met Eng, 2019, 9(9): 45刘少伟, 段望春, 董兵斌. PREP工艺参数对3D打印用AlSi10Mg铝合金粉末性能的影响. 有色金属工程, 2019, 9(9): 45 [25] Ma L, Jia Q G, Li Y Y, et al. Study on the matching between the diameter of the atomization chamber of the PREP equipment and the cooling crystallization of the powder droplets. China Plant Eng, 2019(17): 173 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-0711.2019.17.095马乐, 贾庆功, 李扬扬, 等. PREP设备雾化室直径与粉末熔滴冷却结晶匹配研究. 中国设备工程, 2019(17): 173 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-0711.2019.17.095 [26] Zhang Y, Dong Y, Zhang Y W, et al. Investigation on abnormal particles in nickel-based superalloy powder by PERP. Powder Metall Ind, 2000, 10(6): 7 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-6543.2000.06.001张莹, 董毅, 张义文, 等. 等离子旋转电极法所制取的镍基高温合金粉末中异常颗粒的研究. 粉末冶金工业, 2000, 10(6): 7 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-6543.2000.06.001 [27] Anderson I E, White E M H, Dehoff R. Feedstock powder processing research needs for additive manufacturing development. Curr Opin Solid State Mater Sci, 2018, 22(1): 8 doi: 10.1016/j.cossms.2018.01.002 [28] Peng H L. Microstructure and Properties Analysis of Nickel-Based Superalloy Powders Prepared by Gas Atomization [Dissertation]. Guangzhou: South China University of Technology, 2016彭翰林. 镍基高温合金粉末组织结构分析及性能研究[学位论文]. 广州: 华南理工大学, 2016 [29] Li X G, Liu C, Zhu Q. Research progress on gas atomization technology for preparation of feedstock powder used in metal additive manufacturing. Aeronaut Manuf Technol, 2019, 62(22): 22黎兴刚, 刘畅, 朱强. 面向金属增材制造的气体雾化制粉技术研究进展. 航空制造技术, 2019, 62(22): 22 [30] Rabin B H, Smolik G R, Korth G E. Characterization of entrapped gases in rapidly solidified powders. Mater Sci Eng A, 1990, 124(1): 1 doi: 10.1016/0921-5093(90)90328-Z [31] Su P F, Liu Z M, Guo Y, et al. Microstructure and solidification defect of René104 nickel-base superalloy powder atomized by argon gas atomization. J Cent South Univ Sci Technol, 2018, 49(1): 64苏鹏飞, 刘祖铭, 郭旸, 等. 氩气雾化René104镍基高温合金粉末的显微组织和凝固缺陷. 中南大学学报(自然科学版), 2018, 49(1): 64) [32] Hann D B, Cherdantsev A V, Azzopardi B J. Study of bubbles entrapped into a gas-sheared liquid film. Int J Multiphase Flow, 2018, 108: 181 doi: 10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2018.07.001 [33] Yuan H, Li Z, Xu W Y, et al. The study of argon atomized superalloy powders. Powder Metall Ind, 2010, 20(4): 1 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-6543.2010.04.001袁华, 李周, 许文勇, 等. 氩气雾化制备高温合金粉末的研究. 粉末冶金工业, 2010, 20(4): 1 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-6543.2010.04.001 [34] Xu W Y, Li Z, Liu Y F, et al. Influence of temperature on the oxidation behaviors of the nickel-based superalloy powders. Powder Metall Technol, 2020, 38(3): 192许文勇, 李周, 刘玉峰, 等. 温度对镍基高温合金粉末氧化行为的影响. 粉末冶金技术, 2020, 38(3): 192 [35] Zou J W, Wang W X. Development and application of P/M superalloy. J Aeronaut Mater, 2006(3): 244 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-5053.2006.03.051邹金文, 汪武祥. 粉末高温合金研究进展与应用. 航空材料学报, 2006(3): 244 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-5053.2006.03.051 [36] Zhang Y W, Li K M. Removing non-metallic inclusion from superalloy powder during electrostatic separation process. Mater Sci Eng Powder Metall, 2016, 21(6): 885 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-0224.2016.06.010张义文, 李科敏. 静电分离去除高温合金粉末中非金属夹杂物. 粉末冶金材料科学与工程, 2016, 21(6): 885 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-0224.2016.06.010 -
下载:
点击查看大图
图(9)
计量
- 文章访问数: 1937
- HTML全文浏览量: 433
- PDF下载量: 183
- 被引次数: 0
