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摘要: 分别以元素混合粉、机械合金化粉和水气联合雾化合金粉为原料，结合冷等静压成形、烧结及轧制工艺制备了Cu‒5%Fe合金（质量分数），对比了三种原料粉的铜铁合金粉末形貌、微观组织、力学性能及物理性能。结果表明，铁颗粒分布均匀，元素混合、机械合金化和水气联合雾化法粉末烧结体中铁颗粒平均尺寸分别为9.4 μm、1.2 μm、3.5 μm。水气联合雾化法合金样品综合性能最优，抗拉强度550 MPa，导电率59.5% IACS，磁饱和强度9.1 emu·g‒1。Abstract: Cu‒5%Fe alloys (mass fraction) were prepared by cold isostatic pressing, sintering, and rolling, using the elemental mixed powders, mechanical alloying powders, and water-gas combined atomized alloy powders as the raw materials. The powder morphology, microstructure, mechanical properties, and physical properties of the copper-iron alloys fabricated by the three kinds of raw materials were compared. The results show that, the iron particles are uniformly distributed, and the average size of the iron particles in the sintered body consisted of the powders by element mixing, mechanical alloying, and water-gas combined atomization are 9.4 μm, 1.2 μm, and 3.5 μm, respectively. The alloys with the water-gas combined atomization powders show the best overall performance as the tensile strength of 550 MPa, the electrical conductivity of 59.5% IACS, and the magnetic saturation strength of 9.1 emu·g‒1.
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图 1 原料粉末显微形貌：（a）电解铜粉；（b）羰基铁粉
Figure 1. SEM images of the raw powders: (a) electrolytic copper powders; (b) carbonyl iron powders
图 2 机械合金化粉末及水气联合雾化粉末显微形貌：（a）、（b）机械合金化合金粉末；（c）、（d）水气联合雾化合金粉
Figure 2. SEM images of the mechanically alloyed powders and the water-gas combined atomized powders: (a) and (b) mechanically alloyed powders; (c) and (d) water-gas combined atomized powders
图 3 Cu‒5%Fe机械合金化粉末截面形貌（a）及能谱分析（（b）、（c））
Figure 3. Cross-sectional image (a) and energy spectrum ((b) and (c)) of the Cu‒5%Fe powders after mechanical alloying
图 4 Cu‒5%Fe水气雾化合金粉末截面形貌（a）及能谱分析（b）
Figure 4. Cross-sectional image (a) and energy spectrum (b) of the Cu‒5%Fe water vapor atomized alloy powders
图 5 Cu‒5%Fe合金烧结态光学形貌：（a）元素混合；（b）机械合金化；（c）水气联合雾化
Figure 5. OM images of the sintered Cu‒5%Fe alloys: (a) element mixing; (b) mechanical alloying; (c) combined atomization of water and gas
图 6 Cu‒5%Fe合金冷轧态纵截面显微形貌：（a）元素混合；（b）机械合金化；（c）水气联合雾化
Figure 6. Longitudinal section SEM images of the cold-rolled Cu‒5%Fe alloys: (a) element mixing; (b) mechanical alloying; (c) combined atomization of water and gas
图 7 冷轧态Cu‒5%Fe合金工程应力应变曲线
Figure 7. Engineering stress-strain curves of the cold rolled Cu‒5%Fe alloys
表 1 Cu‒5%Fe合金冷轧态性能参数对比
Table 1. Comparison of performance parameters of the cold rolled Cu‒5%Fe alloys
性能指标 烧结态铁相尺寸 /
μm抗拉强度 /
MPa延伸率 /
%弹性模量 /
GPa导电率 /
% IACS磁饱和强度 /
(emu·g‒1)矫顽力 /
Oe元素混合 9.4 489.2 0.8 125.9 38.6 27.4 56.3 机械合金化 1.2 509.6 3.2 83.4 43.2 14.8 10.5 水气联合雾化 3.5 550.1 1.8 111.2 59.5 9.1 168.0 
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