Fracture morphology and microstructure analysis of Mo–La nozzles for solid rocket motor
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摘要: 通过固体火箭发动机地面热试车实验获得烧蚀后的钼镧喷管试样，对比分析了烧蚀前后试样的金相组织，在常温和1000 ℃条件下进行了钼镧材料的力学性能实验。结果表明：对于工作时间2.1 s的固体火箭发动机中搭载使用的钼镧喷管，内型面形状完整，尺寸无明显变化，抗烧蚀性能表现良好；烧蚀前后金相组织对比显示晶粒发生再结晶，特别是喷口及喷管中部工作温度高的位置，形貌变化明显，由细长的纤维状变为等轴晶趋势。镧的氧化物粒子对钼起到了韧化作用，合金试样1000 ℃高温和常温下断口出现颈缩和韧窝，高温下韧窝深浅差异更大，抗拉强度和伸长率有所下降。Abstract: The ablated Mo–La nozzle samples were obtained through the ground thermal test of solid rocket motor. The metallographic structures of the samples before and after ablation was compared and analyzed. The mechanical properties of Mo–La materials were tested at room temperature and 1000 ℃. The results show that the Mo–La nozzles used in solid rocket motor with working time of 2.1 s have the complete inner profile shape, no significant change in size, and good ablation resistance. The metallographic structure before and after ablation reminds the grain recrystallization, especially at the high working temperature position in the middle of nozzle and nozzle, and the morphology changes obviously from the slender fiber to the equiaxed grain. The molybdenum is toughened by the lanthanum oxide particles, the necking and dimple appear on the fracture surface of alloy samples at 1000 ℃ and room temperature, the dimple depth is greater at high temperature, and the tensile strength and elongation decrease.
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Key words:
- molybdenum lanthanum nozzle /
- microstructure /
- fracture morphology /
- anti-ablation /
- solid rocket motor
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图 2 钼镧喷管扩张段结构示意图（单位：mm）
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of the Mo–La nozzles as the expansion section (unit: mm)
图 3 试车后钼镧喷管宏观形貌
Figure 3. Macro morphology of the molybdenum lanthanum nozzle after commissioning
图 4 试验前钼镧合金原始金相组织
Figure 4. Original metallographic microstructure of the Mo–La alloys before test
图 5 烧蚀后喷管不同部位金相组织：（a）、（b）喷口；（c）、（d）喷管中部；（e）、（f）喷管尾部
Figure 5. Metallographic microstructures of the nozzles in different parts after ablation: (a), (b) nozzle; (c), (d) the middle of nozzle; (e), (f) the tail of nozzle
表 1 钼镧合金的化学成分（质量分数）
Table 1. Chemical composition of the Mo–La alloys
% La2O3 Fe Ni Si Ca Mg Al Mo 0.6200 0.0025 0.0015 ≤0.0020 ≤0.0020 ≤0.0020 ≤0.0020 余量 
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表 2 力学性能参数表
Table 2. Mechanical properties
试样编号 密度 / (g·cm−3) 硬度，HV10 室温抗拉强度 / MPa 室温伸长率 / % 1000 ℃抗拉强度 / MPa 1000 ℃伸长率 / % ML 10.18 228 675 49 210 17
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