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摘要: 为降低钛及钛合金制品的成本，以钛锭表面切削下来的钛屑（切削纤维）为原料，经过清洗、剪切、压制、高温约束烧结等工序制备成钛合金纤维多孔材料，观察材料微观结构，分析压制压力和孔隙率之间的关系，并研究烧结温度、纤维宽度、孔隙率对钛合金纤维多孔材料压缩性能的影响规律。结果表明，钛合金纤维多孔材料内部均为通孔，随着压制压力的增加，钛合金纤维多孔材料的孔隙率随之降低。纤维宽度为2 mm，孔隙率为56.0%，烧结温度为1200 ℃条件下制得的钛合金纤维多孔材料平台应力达17.34 MPa。本文实现了原材料零成本制备钛合金纤维多孔材料，可用于阻尼减振、冲击防护等领域。Abstract: To reduce the cost of Ti and Ti alloy products, the Ti chips (cutting fibers) from the surface of Ti ingots were used as the raw materials to prepare the Ti alloy fiber porous materials by cleaning, cutting, pressing, and high temperature confined sintering. The microstructures were observed, the influence of pressing pressure on porosity was analyzed, and the effects of sintering temperature, fiber width, and porosity on the compressive properties of the Ti alloy fiber porous materials were systemically studied. The results show that, the interior of Ti alloy fiber porous materials is the through-pore. As the increase of the pressing pressure, the porosity of the Ti alloy fiber porous materials decreases. The compressive platform stress of the Ti alloy fiber porous materials sintered at 1200 ℃ is up to 17.34 MPa with the fiber width of 2 mm and the porosity of 56.0%. The titanium alloy fiber porous materials are prepared at zero cost for the raw materials in this paper, which can be applied in the fields of damping, vibration reduction, and impact protection.
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Key words:
- Ti alloy fibers /
- porous materials /
- high temperature sintering /
- porosity /
- compressive properties
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图 2 不同压制压力所制的钛合金纤维多孔材料微观形貌：（a）20 MPa；（b）60 MPa
Figure 2. Microstructures of the Ti alloy fiber porous materials prepared by the different pressing pressures: (a) 20 MPa; (b) 60 MPa
图 3 钛合金纤维多孔材料的压缩应力‒应变曲线
Figure 3. Compressive stress‒strain curves of the Ti alloy fiber porous materials
图 4 纤维宽度对钛合金纤维多孔材料压缩性能的影响：（a）孔隙率63%；（b）孔隙率60%；（c）孔隙率57%
Figure 4. Effect of the fiber width on the compressive properties of the Ti alloy fiber porous materials: (a) porosity of 63%; (b) porosity of 60%; (c) porosity of 57%
图 5 不同纤维宽度的钛合金纤维多孔材料微观形貌：（a）孔隙率63%，纤维宽度为2 mm；（b）孔隙率63%，纤维宽度为4 mm；（c）孔隙率57%，纤维宽度为2 mm；（d）孔隙率57%，纤维宽度为4 mm
Figure 5. Microstructures of the Ti alloy fiber porous materials with the different fiber width: (a) porosity of 63%, fiber width of 2 mm; (b) porosity of 63%, fiber width of 4 mm; (c) porosity of 57%, fiber width of 2 mm; (d) porosity of 57%, fiber width of 4 mm
图 6 烧结温度对钛合金纤维多孔材料压缩性能的影响
Figure 6. Effect of sintering temperature on the compressive properties of the Ti alloy fiber porous materials
图 7 孔隙率对钛合金纤维多孔材料压缩性能的影响
Figure 7. Effect of porosity on the compressive properties of the Ti alloy fiber porous materials
表 1 压制压力与钛合金纤维多孔材料孔隙率的关系
Table 1. Relationship between the pressing pressure and porosity of the Ti alloy fiber porous materials
压制压力 / MPa 孔隙率 / % 20 66.2 40 64.0 60 60.1 80 56.7 
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表 2 不同孔隙率的钛合金纤维多孔材料平台应力
Table 2. Platform stress of the Ti alloy fiber porous materials with the different porosity
平台应力 / MPa 孔隙率 / % 2.24 70.8 4.91 65.6 10.61 63.0 13.74 60.4 17.34 56.0
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