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摘要: 通过机械混合和机械合金化工艺制备Cu–9.3Cr–9.3Mo（质量分数）粉末，并利用热等静压压制Cu–Cr–Mo合金。采用X射线衍射和激光粒度分析等方法表征了粉末物相、组织分布和粒度；通过对相对密度、硬度、电导率等性能检测和微观组织观察分析了合金性能。结果表明，机械合金化过程可诱导Cu–Cr–Mo过饱和固溶体形成，合金的晶格畸变程度提高，晶粒尺寸和粉末颗粒尺寸减小，制备的合金块材硬度高，相对密度和电导率理想，综合性能优异。
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关键词:
- Cu–Cr–Mo合金 /
- 机械混合 /
- 机械合金化 /
- 过饱和固溶体 /
- 热等静压
Abstract: The Cu–9.3Cr–9.3Mo (mass fraction) powders were prepared by mechanical mixing and mechanical alloying, respectively, and the Cu–Cr–Mo alloys were pressed by hot isostatic pressing. The phase composition, organizational structure, and particle size of the powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction and laser particle size analysis. The relative density, hardness, conductivity, and microstructure of the alloys were measured. The results show that, the mechanical alloying process can induce the formation of Cu–Cr–Mo supersaturated solid solution, improve the degree of lattice distortion, and reduce the grain size and powder particle size. The prepared alloy blocks by mechanical alloying have the high hardness, ideal relative density, and electrical conductivity, showing the excellent comprehensive properties. -
图 3 不同粉末晶粒尺寸（a）、晶格常数（b）与晶格畸变程度（c）
Figure 3. Grain size (a), lattice constant (b), and lattice distortion (c) of the different powders
图 5 Cu–Cr–Mo合金块材微观形貌：（a）机械混合块材；（b）机械合金化块材
Figure 5. Micromorphology of the Cu–Cr–Mo alloys: (a) mechanical mixing; (b) mechanical alloying
表 1 Cu–Cr–Mo合金块材理论密度和相对密度
Table 1. Solid density and relative density of the Cu–Cr–Mo alloy blocks
块材类型 理论密度 / (g·cm−3) 相对密度 / % 机械混合块材 8.86 96.8±0.2 机械合金化块材 8.86 95.5±0.3 
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表 2 Cu–Cr–Mo合金块材性能
Table 2. Properties of the Cu–Cr–Mo alloy blocks
块材类型 硬度，HV0.3 电导率 / (%IACS) 机械混合块材 149.0±2.4 56.1±0.8 机械合金化块材 362.9±6.7 24.8±0.8
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表 3 图5中不同测试点能谱分析
Table 3. EDS analysis of the different points in Fig.5
测试点 元素质量分数 / % Cu Cr Mo 1 3.51 96.33 0.16 2 98.21 1.46 0.34 3 14.50 4.73 80.77 4 42.55 30.27 27.18 5 84.38 7.32 8.31
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