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摘要: 采用粉末混合+热挤压和粉末混合+气雾化+热挤压两种工艺制备了Al–5Ti–1B合金杆，研究了两种工艺制备Al–5Ti–1B合金的显微组织，并进行了晶粒细化性能评定。结果表明：两种制备工艺均可以使TiB2粒子均匀分布，并抑制TiAl3相的长大。在7050铝合金熔体中分别添加质量分数为0.2%的两种工艺制备的Al–5Ti–1B合金，添加粉末混合+热挤压工艺制备的Al–5Ti–1B合金后，7050铝合金晶粒细化效果不明显，铝合金晶粒尺寸仍达1400 μm；添加粉末混合+气雾化+热挤压工艺制备的Al–5Ti–1B合金后，7050铝合金晶粒细化效果非常好，铝合金平均晶粒尺寸仅有176 μm。根据此实验现象，对Al–5Ti–1B合金晶粒细化双重形核机理提出新的解释。Abstract: Two kinds of Al–5Ti–1B alloys were prepared by powder mixing + hot extrusion and powder mixing + gas atomization + hot extrusion, respectively. The microstructures of the Al–5Ti–1B alloys prepared by two kinds of processes were studied, and the grain refinement properties were assessed. The results show that, the TiB2 particles can be uniformly distributed and the growth of TiAl3 phase can be inhibited by these two kinds of processes. The Al–5Ti–1B alloys with the mass fraction of 0.2% are added to the melt of 7050 aluminum alloys. The grain refinement effect of the Al–5Ti–1B alloys prepared by powder mixing + hot extrusion is not obvious, and the grain size of 7050 aluminum alloys is still up to 1400 μm. The grain refinement effect of the Al–5Ti–1B alloys prepared by powder mixing+ gas atomization + hot extrusion is very good, the average grain size of 7050 aluminum alloys is only 176 μm. According to this experimental phenomenon, a new explanation for the grain refinement and double nucleation mechanism of the Al–Ti–B alloys is proposed.
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Key words:
- hot extrusion /
- grain refiner /
- Al–Ti–B alloys /
- powder metallurgy /
- refinement mechanism
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图 1 Al–5Ti–1B气雾化合金粉显微形貌
Figure 1. SEM images of the gas atomized Al–5Ti–1B alloy powders
图 2 Al–5Ti–1B气雾化合金粉粒度分布
Figure 2. Size distribution of the gas atomized Al–5Ti–1B alloy powders
图 3 Al–5Ti–1B合金X射线衍射图谱：（a）1#样品；（b）2#样品
Figure 3. XRD patterns of the Al–5Ti–1B alloys: (a) sample 1#; (b) sample 2#
图 4 Al–5Ti–1B合金显微组织：（a）、（b）1#样品；（c）、（d）2#样品
Figure 4. Microstructures of the Al–5Ti–1B alloys: (a), (b) sample 1#; (c), (d) sample 2#
图 5 未添加细化剂的7050铝合金铸态组织
Figure 5. As-cast microstructure of the 7050 aluminum alloys without refiner
图 6 添加不同细化剂后7050铝合金铸态组织：（a）1# Al–5Ti–1B细化剂；（b）2# Al–5Ti–1B细化剂
Figure 6. As-cast microstructures of the 7050 aluminum alloys add by the different refiners: (a) 1# Al–5Ti–1B; (b) 2# Al–5Ti–1B
图 8 新双重形核理论细化机制示意图
Figure 8. Schematic diagram of the new double nucleation refinement mechanism
表 1 Al–5Ti–2B合金样品的原材料和工艺路线
Table 1. Raw materials and the process route of the Al–5Ti–2B alloy samples
样品 原材料 工艺路线 1# Al粉，Ti粉，TiB2粉 混合–热挤压 2# Al粉，Ti粉，TiB2粉 混合–真空气雾化–热挤压 
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表 2 Al–5Ti–1B合金化学成分
Table 2. Chemical composition of the Al–5Ti–1B alloys
(×10−6) 样品 Ti B Zr Si Fe 1# 49716.3 9889.7 1261.8 959.5 966.9 2# 50716.3 10269.5 918.8 608.2 1480.4
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