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摘要: 日益严苛的服役环境对钛材性能提出新的要求与挑战，层状结构的引入使钛基材料突破强度–韧性的桎梏有了新的思路。近年来，钛基层状结构材料成为研究热点，通过不同制备技术获得的钛基层状结构材料展现出了优异的力学性能。粉末冶金技术具有工艺简便、高效，易于实现组元调控与钛材性能优化等优点。本文对目前钛基层状材料的类型、主流制备技术进行阐述，着重介绍了粉末冶金钛基层状材料的研究进展，总结了高性能钛基层状结构的强韧化机制，最后对钛基层状结构材料的基础研究与实际应用进行了展望。Abstract: Based on the increasingly severe working environment, properties of titanium materials are facing the new challenges as the superior combination of strength and ductility. The design of laminated structure provides a new idea to achieve the remarkable strength-ductility enhancement of titanium-based materials. In recent years, titanium-based laminated materials have become the research hotspot. Titanium-based laminated materials obtained by different preparation techniques show excellent mechanical properties. Powder metallurgy technology has numerous advantages of simple and efficient process, by which the component control and the optimization of mechanical properties can be easily achieved. The main types and metallurgical processing of titanium-based laminated materials were described in this paper. The research progress of titanium-based laminated materials obtained by powder metallurgy was introduced, and strengthening and toughening mechanism of the high-performance titanium-based laminated structure materials was summarized. Finally, the basic research and practical application of the titanium-based laminated materials were prospected briefly.
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图 2 Ti粉与TNTZO粉的形貌以及铺粉式粉末冶金制备工艺流程示意图[14]：（a）纯Ti粉；（b）TNTZO粉；（c）Ti粉与β-Ti粉交替铺粉示意图；（d）制备Ti/TNTZO/Ti层状材料工艺流程图，冷轧方向(CRD)，热轧方向(HRD)，法向(ND)，轧辊方向(TD)。
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of the spread powders by powder metallurgy[14]: (a) microstructure of the pure titanium powders; (b) microstructure of TNTZO alloy powders; (c) schematic diagram of alternate spreading of Ti powder and β-Ti powder; (d) processing route of the Ti/TNTZO/Ti sandwich composites, the cool rolling direction(CRD), the hot rolling direction (HRD), normal direction (ND), and transverse direction (ND) were marked near the sample.
图 5 拉伸试验后Ti–3Al–4.5V–5Mo异质层状合金透射电子显微形貌：（a）低倍镜下高密度位错堆积在(α+β)基体与β纤维的界面周围；（b）、（d）β相界面附近位错堆积；（c）(α+β)基体界面附近的α-孪晶；（e）D区β相界面附近的马氏体[15]
Figure 5. Transmission electron microscope images of the Ti–3Al–4.5V–5Mo heterogeneous laminated alloys after tensile testing: (a) high density of dislocations around the interface between (α+β) matrix and β fiber in low magnification; (b), (d) dislocations pile-up in β phase near the interface; (c) twining in α phase near the interface; (e) martensitic transformation found in region D[15]
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