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摘要: 铁铬铝（FeCrAl）合金是一种典型的耐热合金，由其开发而成的耐高温金属多孔材料已经在煤气净化、高温催化剂载体等方面获得了广泛的应用。在反应合成制备FeCrAl合金多孔材料过程中，铝质量分数在多孔材料孔结构、力学性能及抗氧化性能等方面具有重要影响。本文在Fe‒20%Cr合金（质量分数）基础上添加不同质量分数的铝粉（0～20%），以铁、铝、铬元素混合粉为原料，通过反应合成方法制备了一系列FeCrAl合金多孔材料（Fe‒20Cr‒xAl，x=0～20%，质量分数），研究了铝质量分数对Fe‒20Cr‒xAl多孔材料物相、孔结构、力学性能以及抗氧化性能的影响。结果表明，添加5%铝（质量分数）的Fe‒20Cr‒xAl多孔材料具有较优的孔隙度和力学性能，同时在600～800 ℃高温氧化实验中表现出最优的抗氧化性能和力学性能稳定性。Abstract: The typical heat-resistant FeCrAl alloys have recently been developed as the high-temperature resistant porous materials which are applied widely in the fields of coal-gas purification and high-temperature catalyst carrier. The aluminum mass fraction has an important influence on the pore structure, mechanical property, and oxidation resistance of the FeCrAl alloy porous materials prepared by the reactive synthesis. In this paper, a series of Fe‒20Cr‒xAl alloy porous materials (x=0~20%, mass fraction) were prepared by the reactive synthesis using the mixed Fe, Cr, and Al elemental powders as the raw materials. The effects of Al mass fraction on the phase composition, pore structure, mechanical property, and oxidation resistance of the FeCrAl porous materials were investigated. The results show that, the synthesized Fe‒20Cr‒5Al porous materials possess the superior pore structure and mechanical property, and show the optimal oxidation resistance and mechanical property stability in the high temperature oxidation experiment at 600~800 ℃.
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Key words:
- porous materials /
- intermetallic /
- FeCrAl /
- mechanical properties /
- high temperature oxidation
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图 2 多孔材料的孔结构：（a）Fe‒20Cr；（b）Fe‒20Cr‒5Al；（c）Fe‒20Cr‒10Al；（d）Fe‒20Cr‒20Al
Figure 2. Pore structures of the porous materials: (a) Fe‒20Cr; (b) Fe‒20Cr‒5Al; (c) Fe‒20Cr‒10Al; (d) Fe‒20Cr‒20Al
图 3 Fe‒20Cr‒xAl合金多孔材料的开孔隙度和平均孔径
Figure 3. Open porosities and the average pore sizes of the porous Fe‒20Cr‒xAl materials
图 4 Fe‒20Cr‒xAl合金多孔材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率
Figure 4. Tensile strength and elongation of the porous Fe‒20Cr‒xAl materials
图 5 Fe‒20Cr‒xAl合金多孔材料循环氧化质量增重曲线：（a）600 ℃；（b）700 ℃；（c）800 ℃
Figure 5. Mass gain curves of the Fe‒20Cr‒xAl porous materials oxidized at different temperatures: (a) 600 ℃; (b) 700 ℃; (c)800 ℃
图 6 800 ℃氧化100 h后Fe‒20Cr‒xAl合金多孔材料的X射线衍射谱图
Figure 6. XRD patterns of the Fe‒20Cr‒xAl porous materials oxidized at 800 ℃ for 100 h
图 7 多孔材料在800 ℃氧化100 h后显微形貌：（a）Fe‒20Cr‒0Al；（b）Fe‒20Cr‒5Al；（c）Fe‒20Cr‒10Al；（d）Fe‒20Cr‒20Al
Figure 7. SEM images of the porous materials oxidized at 800 ℃ for 100 h: (a) Fe‒20Cr‒0Al; (b) Fe‒20Cr‒5Al; (c) Fe‒20Cr‒10Al; (d) Fe‒20Cr‒20Al
图 8 800 ℃下Fe‒20Cr‒xAl合金多孔材料的拉伸强度（a）和断裂伸长率（b）与氧化时间的关系
Figure 8. Tensile strength (a) and elongation (b) of the Fe‒20Cr‒xAl porous materials oxidized at 800 ℃ for the different oxidation times
表 1 Fe‒20Cr‒xAl合金多孔材料在初始和稳定阶段的氧化速率常数和拟合系数（R2）
Table 1. Oxidation rate constants and the fitting coefficients (R2) of the porous Fe‒20Cr‒xAl materials in the initial and subsequent stable oxidation stages
试样 抛物线速率常数 / (%·h‒1) R2 线性速率常数 / (%·h‒1) R2 Fe‒20Cr （600 ℃） 8.7×10−3 0.80 4.0×10−3 0.99 Fe‒20Cr‒5Al（600 ℃） 5.2×10−4 0.86 2.5×10−4 0.89 Fe‒20Cr‒10Al（600 ℃） 1.4×10−3 0.69 3.0×10−4 0.99 Fe‒20Cr‒20Al（600 ℃） 1.7×10−3 0.72 6.3×10−4 0.98 Fe‒20Cr （700 ℃） 5.3×10−2 0.79 1.4×10−2 0.98 Fe‒20Cr‒5Al（700 ℃） 5.0×10−3 0.95 1.4×10−3 0.88 Fe‒20Cr‒10Al（700 ℃） 5.2×10−3 0.95 1.8×10−3 0.92 Fe‒20Cr‒20Al（700 ℃） 9.0×10−3 0.98 4.4×10−3 0.98 Fe‒20Cr （800 ℃） 9.0×10−2 0.90 2.1×10−2 0.96 Fe‒20Cr‒5Al （800 ℃） 1.5×10−2 0.98 5.0×10−3 0.99 Fe‒20Cr‒10Al（800 ℃） 1.9×10−2 0.97 6.5×10−3 0.98 Fe‒20Cr‒20Al（800 ℃） 4.0×10−2 0.87 1.1×10−2 0.99 
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