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摘要: 选择性激光熔化技术具有一次成形、节省原材料、可成形任意复杂结构工件及性能优良等特点，是17–4PH不锈钢成形研究的新方向。本文综述了近几年选择性激光熔化制备17–4PH不锈钢研究现状，包括工艺参数对17–4PH不锈钢性能的影响，热处理和热等静压对17–4PH不锈钢力学性能的改善，不同成形方式和不同后处理17–4PH不锈钢的显微组织变化，以及在选择性激光熔化成形17–4PH不锈钢过程中出现的问题和发展趋势。Abstract: Selective laser melting technology (SLM) is a new direction in the forming research of the 17–4PH stainless steels because of the advantages of one-time forming, raw material saving, arbitrary complex structure workpiece forming, and excellent performance. The research status of the 17–4PH stainless steels prepared by SLM in recent years was reviewed in this paper, including the effect of process parameters on the properties of the 17–4PH stainless steels, the improvement on the mechanical properties of the 17–4PH stainless steels by heat treatment and hot isostatic pressing (HIP), the microstructure changes of the 17–4PH stainless steels treated by the different forming ways and the different post-treatments, and the problems and development trend of the 17–4PH stainless steels by SLM.
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Key words:
- selective laser melting /
- stainless steels /
- process parameters /
- microstructure
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图 10 选区激光熔化成形17–4PH不锈钢明场透射电子显微镜图（a）、选区电子衍射图（b）及富奥氏体缺陷和马氏体缺陷晶体学关系图（c）[27]
Figure 10. Bright field transmission electron microscope (a), the selected area diffraction pattern (b), and the crystallographic relationship between the austenite rich defects and the martensite defects (c) of the SLM formed 17–4PH stainless steels[27]
图 12 锻造和选择性激光熔化成形17–4PH不锈钢扫描电子显微形貌[30]：（a）具有完全马氏体组织的锻造试样；（b）选择性激光熔化样品熔池形态，柱状晶上有条纹；（c）典型的选择性激光熔化样品的熔池形态；（d）为图（c）所示区域的电子背散射衍射晶粒取向
Figure 12. SEM images of the 17–4PH stainless steels formed by forging and selective laser melting[30]: (a) as-received wrought samples with fully martensitic microstructure; (b) as-built SLM samples showing the melt pool morphology with striations on the colunar grains; (c) a typical melt pool in the as-built SLM samples; (d) an EBSD grain orientation map obtained from the area shown in Fig. 12(c)
表 1 17–4PH不锈钢化学成分（质量分数）
Table 1. Chemical composition of the 17–4PH stainless steels
% C Cu Ni Nb Cr Mn Si S P ≤0.07 3.00～5.00 3.00～5.00 0.15～0.45 15.00～17.50 ≤1.00 ≤1.00 ≤0.03 ≤0.04 
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