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摘要: 介绍了选区激光熔化成形GH4169合金存在的球化、孔洞等常见缺陷的形成机理及工艺控制现状，重点分析了激光功率、扫描速率、铺粉厚度等工艺参数对选区激光熔化成形GH4169合金成形件组织性能的影响规律，以及热处理、颗粒增强等组织性能调控手段对选区激光熔化成形GH4169合金组织性能影响。从工艺控制、材料强化设计等方面对选区激光熔化成形GH4169合金进行展望，认为利用选区激光熔化成形技术开展颗粒增强GH4169复合材料的设计与成形是进一步提升选区激光熔化成形GH4169合金性能的有效途径。Abstract: The formation mechanism and process control of the common defects in selective laser melting GH4169 alloys were briefly introduced, such as spheroidization and holes. The effects of laser power, scanning rate, and powder thickness on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the GH4169 alloys during selective laser melting were emphatically analyzed, and the influences of heat treatment and particle reinforcement on the microstructure and mechanical properties of GH4169 alloy were investigated. Finally, the prospect of the selective laser melting GH4169 alloys was presented from the aspects of process control trend and material strengthening design. It was considered that the design and forming of the particle-reinforced GH4169 composites by selective laser melting were the effective way to further improve the performance of the GH4169 alloys.
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优缺点 选区激光熔化 锻造 铸造 优点 不受几何形状和复杂度的限制，材料利用率较高，近净成形，成形件精度、相对密度较高，冷却速度快，组织较为细小，在室温和高温下力学
性能优异。可大批量生产，成形尺寸较大的工件，孔洞、裂纹缺陷较少，成形质量好，力学性能优异。 可大批量生产，可成形复杂结构件，可制作较高尺寸和低表面粗糙度的工件。 缺点 能耗较大，成形尺寸有限。会存在球化、微小孔洞、裂纹等缺陷。具有沿沉积方向定向长大的柱状组织。高温度梯度下产生的残余应力。 成形件几何形状受限制，材料利用率低，工艺复杂，周期长，成本高，易形成脆性相。 尺寸精度低，生产周期较长，易产生缩松缩孔等缺陷，易形成较为粗大的晶粒，组织不均匀，易产生大量宏观偏析和有害相。 
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