Effect of electrochemical polishing on surface quality and corrosion resistance of Ti6Al4V crowns fabricated by selective laser melting
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摘要: 研究了电化学抛光过程中电解液比例、电压、电解时间等参数对选区激光熔化成形Ti6Al4V牙冠表面质量及耐蚀性能的影响。结果表明，选区激光熔化成形的Ti6Al4V牙冠表面粗糙度较大，有明显的熔池边界及台阶，试样表面粘结大量粉末颗粒，初始粗糙度高达30 μm。在体积比1:8的高氯酸和醋酸电解液中进行电化学抛光，当电压较小（10 V）时，只能去除表面粘附的粉末颗粒，抛光效果不明显；当抛光电压较高（50 V）或高氯酸和醋酸比例较大时，表面抛光过度，导致局部凹凸不平，粗糙度明显上升。在30 V电压下抛光30 min后，表面质量较好，表面粗糙度约为1 μm，达到使用要求。经抛光处理后的Ti6Al4V牙冠表面的耐蚀性能大大提升，相比于未进行表面处理的牙冠，其耐蚀性能提高近一个数量级。Abstract: The effects of electrolyte ratio, voltage, and polishing time on the surface quality and corrosion resistance of the Ti6Al4V crowns fabricated by selective laser melting were analyzed in this paper. The results show that, the surface roughness of the Ti6Al4V crowns is large, and there are a large number of powder particles on the sample surface. At the same time, the undulating molten pool boundary and steps can be observed and the initial roughness is about 30 μm. For the electrochemical polishing performed with the volume ratio of perchloric acid and acetic acid as 1:8, when the voltage is low (10 V), the adhered powder particles are removed, the surface roughness changes little, the polishing effect is not obvious. Meanwhile, when the voltage is high (50 V) or the volume ratio of perchloric acid and acetic acid is high, the surface is locally uneven, the surface roughness increases, the polishing effect is excessive. The surface quality of the Ti6Al4V crowns is significantly optimized by polishing in the electrolyte with the volume ratio of perchloric acid and acetic acid as 1:8 at 30 V for 30 min, the surface roughness is about 1 μm after polishing, satisfying the requirements for application. The corrosion resistance of the Ti6Al4V crowns after electrochemical polishing is greatly improved, which is nearly an order of magnitude compared with the crowns without the surface treatment.
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Key words:
- selective laser melting /
- titanium alloys /
- crown /
- electrochemical polishing /
- roughness /
- corrosion resistance
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图 1 气雾化Ti6Al4V粉末颗粒尺寸粒度分布
Figure 1. Particle size distribution of the gas-atomized Ti6Al4V powders
图 2 选区激光熔化成形Ti6Al4V牙冠打印件形貌：（a）宏观形貌；（b）显微形貌；（c）光学形貌及对应的三维轮廓
Figure 2. Morphology of the printed Ti6Al4V crowns fabricated by selective laser melting: (a) macroscopic morphology; (b) SEM images; (c) optical morphology and the corresponding three-dimensional contour
图 3 选区激光熔化成形Ti6Al4V合金电子背向散射衍射结果：（a）反极图；（b）相分布图；（c）Kernel平均取向差图；（c）马氏体板条宽度分布
Figure 3. EBSD results of the Ti6Al4V crowns fabricated by selective laser melting: (a) inverse pole figure; (b) phase distribution map; (c) Kernel average misorientation; (d) width distribution of the martensitic laths
图 4 不同电压下选区激光熔化成形Ti6Al4V牙冠显微形貌：（a）10 V；（b）30 V；（c）50 V
Figure 4. SEM images of the selective laser melted Ti6Al4V crowns polished at the different voltages: (a) 10 V; (b) 30 V; (c) 50 V
图 5 不同抛光时间下选区激光熔化成形Ti6Al4V牙冠显微形貌：（a）3 min；（b）30 min
Figure 5. SEM images of the selective laser melted Ti6Al4V crowns polished for the different time: (a) 3 min; (b) 30 min
图 6 在不同高氯酸和醋酸体积比溶液中选区激光熔化成形Ti6Al4V牙冠显微形貌：（a）1:8；（b）1:5
Figure 6. SEM images of the selective laser melted Ti6Al4V crowns polished in the different volume ratios of perchloric acid and acetic acid solution: (a) 1:8; (b) 1:5
图 7 在不同电压下选区激光熔化成形Ti6Al4V牙冠光学形貌及对应的三维轮廓图片：（a）10 V；（b）30 V；（c）50 V
Figure 7. Optical images and the corresponding three-dimensional morphologies of the selective laser melted Ti6Al4V crowns polished at the different voltages: (a) 10 V; (b) 30 V; (c) 50 V
图 8 选区激光熔化成形Ti6Al4V牙冠电化学抛光处理前后宏观形貌（a），失重率与抛光时间关系（b）和表面线粗糙度与抛光时间关系（c）
Figure 8. Macroscopic morphology of the Ti6Al4V crowns fabricated by selective laser melting before and after electrochemical polishing (a), the weight loss rate with polishing time (b), and the surface roughness with polishing time (c)
图 9 电化学抛光处理前后选区激光熔化成形Ti6Al4V牙冠极化曲线
Figure 9. Polarization curves of the Ti6Al4V crowns fabricated by selective laser melting before and after electrochemical polishing
图 10 电化学抛光处理前后选区激光熔化成形Ti6Al4V牙冠电流-时间曲线（a）和极化后金属离子浓度（b）
Figure 10. Current-time curves of the selective laser melted Ti6Al4V crowns before and after electrochemical polishing (a) and the dissolved metal ionconcentration in the solution after potentiostatic test (b)
表 1 选区激光熔化成形Ti6Al4V的最优打印工艺参数
Table 1. Optimal printing parameters for the selective laser melted Ti6Al4V
激光功率 / W 扫描速度 / (mm·s−1) 扫描间距 / μm 铺粉层厚 / μm 粉末尺寸 / μm 扫描策略 / (°) 280 1200 140 30 15～53 67 
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