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摘要: 难熔金属钼具有熔点高、高温力学性能优异、导热性良好等特点，加之其良好的抗辐照肿胀能力及与液态金属的相容性，使其成为第四代高温核裂变反应堆、聚变堆等先进核反应堆重要的候选材料，用以满足高温、强腐蚀、大剂量辐照等苛刻环境下结构件的制备需求。但金属钼具有本征室温脆性、加工难和焊接性能差等缺点，严重限制了其应用推广。在金属钼中加入铼元素，形成“铼效应”，不仅可以显著改善钼的室温塑性和加工性能，降低塑-脆转变温度，而且还能提升材料焊接性能和抗蠕变性能，已经成为先进核反应堆结构材料的研究热点。本文从钼铼合金的成分设计、材料制备、焊接性能及核环境应用评价研究四个方面总结了国内外近年来的研究进展，分析了钼铼合金在先进反应堆工程应用中存在的问题，以期为高性能钼铼合金结构材料的开发提供参考。Abstract: Molybdenum (Mo) as the refractory metals shows the series of advantageous properties, such as high melting point, excellent high temperature mechanical properties, and good thermal conductivity. In addition, the good antiradiation swelling ability and high compatibility with liquid metals make Mo as the important candidate materials for the advanced nuclear reactors to endure the high temperature, strong corrosion, and high-dose irradiation, such as the fourth generation high-temperature nuclear fission reactor and the fusion reactor. Nevertheless, the application of Mo is limited by the brittle nature at low temperature, the difficult machining, and the poor welding performance. Adding rhenium (Re) into molybdenum to form "rhenium effect" can not only significantly improve the room temperature plasticity and the processability of molybdenum and reduce the plastic brittle transition temperature, but also improve the welding performance and creep resistance. Therefore, it has become a research hotspot of structural materials for the advanced nuclear reactors. The research progress of molybdenum−rhenium alloys (Mo−Re) was summarized in this paper from four aspects as composition design, material preparation, welding performance, and nuclear environmental application assessment, and the problems of Mo−Re alloys used for the advanced reactor engineering were analyzed to provide the reference for the development of high-performance molybdenum−rhenium alloy structural materials.
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Key words:
- Mo−Re alloys /
- nuclear reactor /
- structural materials /
- research progress
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