Study on preparation technology of spherical TiAl alloy powders used for additive manufacturing
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摘要: 以TiAl合金块为原料，利用水冷铜坩埚真空感应熔炼气雾化技术制粉，通过对导流系统和雾化器的优化改进，制备出氧含量低、细粉收率高的球形TiAl合金粉末。结果表明，将导热性好的石墨导流基座和耐冲刷的BN材质陶瓷导流内芯配合使用，既可以保证导流管加热，也可以有效阻止金属熔液的冲刷；螺旋喷管雾化器使雾化点下移，回流区位置远离导流管出口，解决了液柱反流的问题。螺旋分布管能够有效约束雾化气体，动能损失小，能够显著提高细粉收率达20%以上。实验制备的球形TiAl合金粉末流动性为27.7 [s·(50 g)‒1]，球形度＞90%，粉末氧增量小，适用于3D打印和注射成型工艺用粉。Abstract: Through optimizing and improving the guide system and atomizer, the spherical TiAl alloy powders with low oxygen content and high fine powder yield were prepared by water-cooled copper crucible vacuum induction melting gas atomizing technology, using the TiAl alloy blocks as the raw materials. In the results, the graphite guide base with good thermal conductivity and the BN ceramic guide core with erosion resistance can not only ensure the heating of guide pipe, but also effectively prevent the erosion of molten metal. The spiral nozzle atomizer moves the atomization point downward, and the position of reflux area is far away from the outlet of guide pipe, which solves the problem of liquid column backflow. The spiral distribution tube can effectively restrain the atomized gas, reduce the kinetic energy loss, and significantly improve the yield of fine powders by more than 20%. The fluidity of the spherical TiAl alloy powders prepared in the experiment is 27.7 [s·(50 g)‒1], the sphericity is more than 90%, and the oxygen incremental is small, which are suitable for the 3D printing and injection molding.
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Key words:
- additive manufacturing /
- gas atomization /
- TiAl alloys /
- diversion inner core /
- atomizing nozzle
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图 1 VIGA-CC气雾化法制备TiAl粉末流程图
Figure 1. Flow diagram of the TiAl powders prepared by VIGA-CC
图 2 石墨导流管在气雾化前后内径变化：（a）雾化前；（b）雾化后；（c）制备粉末的宏观形貌
Figure 2. Change in the inner diameter of the graphite deflector: (a) before atomization; (b) after atomization; (c) macro-profile of the prepared powders
图 3 石墨基座和陶瓷导流内芯（a）及制备的粉末宏观形貌（b）
Figure 3. Graphite base and the ceramic guide inner core (a) and the macro-profile of prepared powders (b)
图 4 模拟雾化气体速度流场分布（a）、反喷引起环孔式雾化器堵塞（b）及环孔式雾化器制备的粉末（c）
Figure 4. Simulation distribution of the atomized gas velocity flow field (a), the blockage of annular atomizer caused by reverse injection (b), and the powder macro-profile prepared by annular atomizer (c)
图 5 螺旋分布喷管雾化器（a）和制备的粉末（b）
Figure 5. Spiral distribution nozzle atomizer (a) and the prepared powders (b)
图 6 改进后气雾化制备的TiAl合金粉末表面形貌
Figure 6. Surface morphology of the TiAl alloy powders prepared by the modified VIGA-CC
表 1 改进后VIGA-CC制备的TiAl粉末物理性能
Table 1. Physical properties of the TiAl powders prepared by the modified VIGA-CC
流动性 / [s·(50 g)‒1] 松装密度 / (g·cm‒3) 振实密度 / (g·cm‒3) 球形度 / % 27.7 2.22 2.49 ＞90 
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表 2 改进后VIGA-CC所制TiAl粉末的化学成分（质量分数）
Table 2. Chemical composition of the TiAl powders prepared by the modified VIGA-CC
% Al Cr Fe Nb C H N O O（原料） 34.000 2.420 0.100 4.750 0.014 0.001 0.006 0.066 0.060
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