Effect of powder characteristics on microstructure and properties of 30CrMnSiNi2A steels
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摘要: 采用水雾化（water atomization，WA）、气雾化（gas atomization，GA）和等离子旋转电极雾化（plasma rotating electrode process，PREP）方式制备30CrMnSiNi2A钢粉，对比分析了不同雾化粉末的特征及其烧结体的组织与性能。结果表明：不同雾化粉末的形貌、粒度分布、氧含量及流动性等特征均存在一定差异，其中水雾化和气雾化粉末中存在空心粉和卫星粉，等离子旋转电极雾化粉末无内部缺陷，具有优异流动性，且氧含量最低。三种雾化粉末的烧结样品组织均为粒状贝氏体，但呈现出不同的原始颗粒边界形貌，随粉末氧含量的降低，原始颗粒边界处夹杂物尺寸减小，成分由富Al氧化物变为富Al、Si氧化物。相比于水雾化和气雾化粉末，等离子旋转电极雾化粉末的烧结样品拉伸性能最优，其拉伸强度和伸长率分别为1310 MPa和11.5%，这得益于良好的粉末质量和低的氧含量。Abstract: The 30CrMnSiNi2A steel powders were prepared by water atomization (WA), gas atomization (GA), and plasma rotating electrode process (PREP) in this paper. The characteristics of the different atomized powders and the microstructure and properties of the sintered products were compared and analyzed. The results show that, the characteristics of the different atomized powders are different, such as morphology, particle size distribution, oxygen content, and fluidity. The hollow powders and satellite powders exist in the WA and GA powders. The PREP powders have no internal defects, showing the excellent fluidity and the lowest oxygen content. The microstructure of the sintered products using the three atomized powders is granular bainite, but the morphology of the prior particle boundary (PPB) is different. With the decrease of the powder oxygen content, the inclusion size at the PPBs decreases, and the composition changes from Al-rich oxide to Al-Si-rich oxide. Compared with WA and GA powders, the sintered product using PREP powders has the best tensile properties with the tensile strength and elongation of 1310 MPa and 11.5%, respectively, which benefit from the good powder quality and low oxygen content.
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图 1 雾化粉末扫描电子显微形貌：（a）、（d）WA粉；（b）、（e）GA粉；（c）、（f）PREP粉
Figure 1. SEM images of the atomized powders: (a), (d) WA powders; (b), (e) GA powders; (c), (f) PREP powders
图 2 雾化粉末截面的背散射电子扫描图：（a）WA粉；（b）GA粉；（c）PREP粉
Figure 2. Backscattered electron scanning images of the atomized powders cross section: (a) WA powders; (b) GA powders; (c) PREP powders
图 4 采用不同雾化粉经过热等静压后样品的微观组织：（a）WA粉；（b）GA粉；（c）PREP粉
Figure 4. SEM images of the samples after hot isostatic pressing using the different atomized powders: (a) WA powders; (b) GA powders; (c) PREP powders
图 5 粒状贝氏体组织透射电镜形貌：（a）明场像；（b）M–A岛选区电子衍射图
Figure 5. TEM images of the granular bainite structure: (a) bright field; (b) SAED pattern of M–A
图 6 粒状贝氏体组织（a）及其C元素面分布图（b）
Figure 6. Granular bainite structure (a) and the corresponding C distribution (b)
图 7 粉末烧结样品的反极图和相分布：（a）、（b）WA粉；（c）、（d）GA粉；（e）、（f）PREP粉
Figure 7. IPF and phase distribution of the sintered samples: (a), (b) WA powders, (c), (d) GA powders; (e), (f) PREP powders
图 8 原始颗粒边界处夹杂物背散射图像：（a）WA粉；（b）GA粉；（c）PREP粉
Figure 8. BSE images of the inclusions in PPBs: (a) WA powders; (b) GA powders; (c) PREP powders
图 9 原始颗粒边界处夹杂物的场发射电子探针图像：（a）WA粉；（b）GA粉；（c）PREP粉
Figure 9. EPMA images of the inclusions in PPBs: (a) WA powders; (b) GA powders; (c) PREP powders
图 12 烧结样品拉伸断口形貌：（a）、（d）WA粉；（b）、（e）GA粉；（c）、（f）PREP粉
Figure 12. Tensile fracture morphology of the sintered samples: (a), (d) WA powders, (b), (e) GA powders; (c), (f) PREP powders
表 1 雾化钢粉化学成分(质量分数)
Table 1. Chemical Composition of the three atomized steel powders %
粉末 C O Si Mn Cr Ni Mo V Fe WA粉 0.25 0.426 0.98 1.13 1.28 1.76 0.31 0.11 余量 GA粉 0.25 0.037 1.09 1.15 1.13 1.74 0.28 0.11 余量 PREP粉 0.26 0.018 0.94 1.12 1.23 1.75 0.28 0.11 余量 
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表 2 3种雾化粉末的物理性质
Table 2. Physical properties of the atomized powders
粉末类型 流动性 / [s·(50 g)‒1] 松装密度 / (g·cm‒3) 振实密度 / (g·cm‒3) 粒度分布 / μm D10 D50 D90 WA粉末 46.50 3.42 4.50 8.15 30.2 103.0 GA粉末 23.60 4.46 4.95 8.81 34.7 99.2 PERP粉末 13.99 4.62 4.95 46.90 81.4 148.0
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