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摘要: 高熵合金突破了传统合金成分的限制，通过调配多种组元的排列组合和含量，赋予了高熵合金高强度、高韧性、高硬度、低温韧性、耐腐蚀和抗辐照等优异的力学性能和功能性能，在众多领域表现出了巨大的应用潜力。高熵合金目前主要有三个代表性的种类：以3d过渡族金属为主的Cantor合金（CoCrFeMnNi）；以难熔金属为主的Senkov合金（NbMoTaW）；以铝镁钛等轻质元素为主的低密度高熵合金（AlMgLiZnCu, AlMgZnCuSi, AlZrTiNbMo）。本文从高熵合金的概念出发，详细介绍了高熵合金的制备工艺，讨论了如何制备具有高强度‒高塑形、优秀磁性能‒力学性能以及高强度‒高导电性、轻质‒高强度等优异综合性能的高熵合金，并对高熵合金未来的发展趋势进行了展望。Abstract: High entropy alloy breaks through the limitation of traditional alloy composition, rendering a great possibility to constitute alloys by using the entropic conceptions. It provides a novel way for the development of new materials, which usually exhibits excellent mechanical and functional properties, such as high strength, high toughness, high hardness, exceptionally excellent low temperature toughness, excellent corrosion resistance, and radiation resistance, showing the great application potential in many fields. Up to now, three typical high entropy alloys have been developed: Cantor alloy (CoCrFeNiMn) which mainly composed of 3d transitional elements; Senkov alloy (NbMoTaW), mainly contains refractory elements; Lightweight and low density high entropy alloys (AlMgLiZnCu, AlMgZnCuSi, AlZrTiNbMo). Based on the concept of high-entropy-alloy, the processing of high entropy alloys was introduced in detail, and how to prepare the high entropy alloys with the excellent combination performance (high strength‒high toughness, excellent magnetism‒ mechanical properties, and high strength‒high electrical conductivity) was discussed. Finally, the development trend of high entropy alloys in the future was prospected.
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图 1 高熵合金粉末（a）和放电等离子烧结WC–HEA硬质合金（b）
Figure 1. High entropy alloy powders (a) and the WC–HEA cemented carbide by spark plasma sintering (b)
图 2 Fe28.5Co47.5Ni19Al1.6Si3.4高熵合金和纯Al多孔骨架复合结构
Figure 2. Porous skeleton composite structure of the Fe28.5Co47.5Ni19Al1.6Si3.4 high entropy alloys and the pure Al
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