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摘要: 羰基金属是以羰基为配体、过渡金属为中心原子所形成的一类配位化合物，由于其兼具无机和有机化合物特性，在新材料、有机合成、催化剂、生物医药和环境化工等领域有着重要应用。本文介绍了常见中性羰基金属的物理性质，重点概述了常用羰基金属的健康危害和安全风险，同时对其合成技术进行了综述。Abstract: Metal carbonyls are a kind of coordination compound formed by carbonyl group as the ligand and the transition metal as the central atom, which have been applied extensively in many fields, such as new materials, organic synthesis, catalysts, biomedicine, and environmental chemistry due to the combined merits of the inorganic and organic compound properties. The physical properties of the common neutral homoleptic metal carbonyls were briefly introduced in this paper, the health hazards and safety risks of the metal carbonyls were reviewed, and the synthesis technologies were also summarized.
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Key words:
- metal carbonyls /
- physical properties /
- health hazards /
- safety risks /
- synthesis technology
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名称 分子式 分子结构 物理性质 羰基钒 V(CO)6 
蓝绿色结晶体，熔点60 ℃（分解），50 ℃升华，不溶于水和乙醇，略溶于己烷及其它饱和烃，溶于大多数其它有机溶剂（颜色转黄）。 羰基铬 Cr(CO)6 白色结晶体，48 ℃时的蒸汽压为133.32 Pa，熔点130 ℃（分解），沸点：升华，密度1.77g·cm‒3，不溶于水和乙醇，溶于大多数其它有机溶剂。 羰基钼 Mo(CO)6 白色结晶体，熔点148 ℃，沸点155 ℃（分解），密度1.96 g·cm‒3，30 ℃时的蒸汽压为35.91 Pa，不溶于水，溶于大多数有机溶剂。 羰基钨 W(CO)6 白色结晶体，熔点170 ℃（分解），沸点：升华，密度2.65 g·cm‒3；20 ℃时蒸汽压13.3 Pa，在沸点175 ℃时蒸汽压为102.12 kPa，不溶于水和乙醇，溶于发烟硝酸和大多数有机溶剂。 羰基锰 Mn2(CO)10 
金黄色结晶体，熔点155 ℃，沸点80 ℃（升华），110 ℃开始分解，25 ℃时密度1.75 g·cm‒3，不溶于水，溶于大多数有机溶剂。 羰基锝 Tc2(CO)10 白色结晶体，熔点159 ℃，常温大气下稳定，中度溶于碳氢化合物溶剂。 羰基铼 Re2(CO)10 黄白色结晶体，170 ℃开始分解，密度2.87 g·cm‒3，中度溶于碳氢
化合物溶剂。羰基铁 Fe(CO)5 
无色或黄色油状液体，沸点103 ℃，熔点‒20 ℃，20 ℃时的蒸汽压为4 kPa，20 ℃时密度为1.46 g·cm‒3，蒸汽密度6.74（空气为1），不溶于水，微溶于醇，易溶于大多数有机溶剂。 羰基钌 Ru(CO)5 无色液体，熔点‒22 ℃，50 ℃开始分解，19.3 ℃时蒸汽压11.2 kPa，不溶于水，溶于大多数有机溶剂。 羰基锇 Os(CO)5 无色液体，熔点‒15 ℃，100 ℃开始分解，不溶于水，溶于有机溶剂。 羰基钴 Co2(CO)8 
橙棕色结晶体，熔点51 ℃，15 ℃时的蒸汽压为9.33 Pa，密度为1.78 g·cm‒3；空气中52 ℃以上发生分解，不溶于水，溶于有机溶剂。 羰基铑 Rh4(CO)12 
暗红色结晶体，150 ℃开始分解，密度2.52 g·cm‒3，与水发生反应。 羰基铱 Ir4(CO)12 淡黄色结晶体，210 ℃开始分解 羰基镍 Ni(CO)4 
无色，挥发性液体，沸点42.6 ℃，凝固点−19.3 ℃，26 ℃时蒸汽压为53.33 kPa，17 ℃时密度1.318 g·cm‒3，几乎不溶于水(溶解度0.02%)，
可溶于大多数有机溶剂。
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