Research progress on argon atomized nickel-based powder metallurgy superalloys and powder characteristics
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摘要: 概述了国内外镍基粉末高温合金的发展、氩气雾化制粉技术的特点、氩气雾化镍基高温合金粉末的特性和增材制造用镍基高温合金粉末的发展方向，重点介绍了镍基高温合金粉末的形貌与粒度控制、氧化特性、气体脱附行为和缺陷形成及控制措施。讨论了镍基高温合金粉末特性与合金缺陷之间的内在关系，总结了缺陷消除措施的研究进展，明确了未来粉末涡轮盘用氩气雾化镍基高温合金粉末质量优化的发展方向，并对高品质氩气雾化镍基高温合金粉末促进增材制造技术在航空航天领域的应用进行了展望。Abstract: The development of nickel-based powder metallurgy (PM) superalloy, the technical features of argon atomized (AA) powder manufacturing, the characteristics of AA nickel-based superalloy powders, and the development direction of nickel-based superalloy powders for additive manufacturing (AM) were summarized in this paper. Meanwhile, the powder morphology, particle size control, oxidation characteristics, degassing behavior, and formation and control of defects for the nickel-based superalloy powders were mainly emphasized. The internal relationship between the powder characteristics and alloy defects was discussed, the research progress of the defect elimination measures was analyzed, and the quality optimization future of nickel-based superalloy powders used for the turbine disk was clarified. Moreover, the application of high-quality AA nickel-based superalloy powders to promote the AM technology in the aerospace field was prospected.
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图 5 不同尺寸氩气雾化FGH96粉末的表面和内部凝固组织：（a）表面组织，104～147 μm；（b）表面组织，61～104 μm；（c）表面组织，38～61 μm；（d）表面组织，＜38 μm；（e）内部组织，104～147 μm；（f）内部组织，61～104 μm；（g）内部组织，38～61 μm；（h）内部组织，＜38 μm[23]
Figure 5. Surface and interior microstructures of the argon atomized FGH96 powders with the different particle sizes: (a) surface microstructures, 104～147 μm; (b) surface microstructures, 61～104 μm; (c) surface microstructures, 38～61 μm; (d) surface microstructures, <38 μm; (e) interior microstructures, 104～147 μm; (f) interior microstructures, 61～104 μm; (g) interior microstructures, 38～61 μm; (h) interior microstructures, <38 μm[23]
图 7 FGH96高温合金粉末表面氧化层分布[30]：（a）表面氧化层纳米束电子衍射图谱；（b）表面氧化层高角环形暗场扫描透射显微形貌；（c）Ni、O、Ti、Cr、Co和Al能谱分析
Figure 7. Surface oxide layer distribution of the FGH96 superalloy powders[30]: (a) nano-beam electron diffraction patterns of the surface layer regions; (b) high angle annular dark field-scanning transmission electron microscope image of the surface oxide layers; (c) the corresponding energy disperse spectroscope maps of Ni, O, Ti, Cr, Co, and Al
图 12 热等静压态FGH96高温合金中原始颗粒边界缺陷的组成[48]：（a）原始颗粒边界缺陷；（b）原始颗粒边界缺陷各种析出相分布；（c）γ′相选区电子衍射斑；（d）MC型碳化物选区电子衍射斑；（e）ZrO2选区电子衍射斑；（f）Al2O3选区电子衍射斑
Figure 12. Composition of the PPBs defects in HIPed FGH96 superalloys[48]: (a) PPBs; (b) precipitation phase distribution in PPBs; (c) selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns of γ′ phase; (d) SAED patterns of MC-type carbides; (e) SAED patterns of ZrO2; (f) SAED patterns of Al2O3
代次 合金牌号 国家 γ′相质量分数 / % γ′相完全溶解温度 / ℃ 密度 / (g·cm‒3) 第一代 René95 美国 50 1160 8.26 IN100 美国 61 1185 7.90 MERL76 美国 64 1190 7.95 APK-1 美国 45 1145 8.02 эп741нп 俄罗斯 60 1180 8.35 第二代 René88DT 美国 42 1130 8.36 N18 法国 55 1190 8.00 U720Li 美国 37 1150 8.10 第三代 LSHR 美国 60 1160 8.29 RR1000 英国 46 1160 8.14 Alloy10 美国 55 1180 8.41 NR3 法国 53 1205 8.05 René104/ME3 美国 51 1160 8.30 第四代 ME501 美国 55 1182 8.15 V202KHN2
(Alloy A)英国 49 1140 8.25 V202KHN2+Nb
(Alloy B)英国 50 1150 8.30 
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