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摘要: 纳米碳化聚合物作为一种新型的碳纳米材料引起了人们广泛的关注。纳米碳化聚合物具有独特的核壳结构（sp2/sp3组成碳核，聚合物链、官能团构成壳），学者们通过调控反应条件以获得预期的纳米碳化聚合物结构，并将其广泛应用于生物成像、传感器、催化、发光二极管、铜基复合材料等领域。本文分析讨论了纳米碳化聚合物的结构、合成方法、形成机理、主要性质及应用，介绍了该同素异构体在材料、尤其是粉末冶金材料中的最新研究成果，最后对纳米碳化聚合物未来的发展进行展望。Abstract: As a new type of carbon nanomaterials, the nano-carbonized polymers have attracted the extensive attention. The nano-carbonized polymers show the unique core-shell structure (carbon core formed by sp2/sp3, shell formed by functional groups and polymer chains) which have been widely used in biological imaging, sensors, catalysis, light-emitting diode, copper matrix composites, and other fields. The ideal nano-carbonized polymers can be obtained by controlling the reaction conditions. The structure, synthesis method, formation mechanism, main properties, and applications of the nano-carbonized polymers were discussed and analyzed in this paper, and the latest research about the isomer in material field, especially in the powder metallurgy materials, was introduced. Finally, the future development outlook of the nano-carbonized polymers was prospected.
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Key words:
- nano-carbonized polymer /
- carbon dots /
- photoluminescence /
- quantum yield /
- composites
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图 6 纳米碳化聚合物在铜复合材料中的应用：（a）复合材料制备过程；（b）复合材料力学性能；（c）复合材料微观结构；（d）复合材料选区高分辨透射电子显微镜(transmission electron microscope，TEM)图[42]
Figure 6. Application of the nano-carbonized polymers in the Cu-based composites: (a) preparation of composites; (b) mechanical properties of composites; (c) micro-structure of composites; (d) TEM image of CPD/Cu composites[42]
图 7 纳米碳化聚合物在协同增强铜复合材料中的应用：（a）复合材料制备过程；（b）复合材料力学性能；（c）复合材料机理示意图；（d）和（e）NCP-CNT/Cu复合材料微观结构[67]
Figure 7. Application of the nano-carbonized polymers in the synergistically reinforced copper composites: (a) preparation of composites; (b) mechanical properties of composites; (c) schematic diagram of the NCP and CNT in the Cu matrix; (d) and (e) microstructures of the NCP-CNT/Cu composites[67]
表 1 反应物、制备方法及掺杂对纳米碳化聚合物产物的影响
Table 1. Effect of reactants, preparation methods, and doping on the NCP products
主要原料 掺杂元素 制备方法 荧光颜色 产物尺寸 / nm 荧光量子产率 / % 参考文献 柠檬酸+乙二胺 N 水热 蓝色 4.0 80.0 [19] 柠檬酸+尿素 N 微波辅助 绿色 3.0 14.0 [20] 柠檬酸+尿素 N 溶剂热 橙色 7.0 46.0 [21] 尿素+对苯二胺 N 水热 蓝/绿/黄/红 2.6 35.0 [22] 多巴胺+邻苯二胺 N 水热 红 7.8 26.0 [23] 柠檬酸+甲酰胺 N 溶剂热 蓝/绿/红 6.5 16.0 [24] 蔗糖+正磷酸 P 微波辅助 绿 6.5 — [25] 三溴化磷+对苯二酚 P 溶剂热 蓝 10.0 25.0 [26] 间苯二胺、乙二胺和正磷酸 P 水热 蓝/绿 8.1 51.0 [6] 聚噻吩苯丙酸 S 水热 红 10.0 2.3 [27] 柠檬酸钠+硫代硫酸钠 S 水热 蓝 4.6 67.0 [28] 2,2'-(乙二硫)二乙酸 S 自组装 蓝/绿 3.3 6.5 [29] 三溴化硼+氢醌 B 溶剂热 蓝 15.0 14.8 [30] 硼酸+蔗糖 B 水热 蓝 5.0 2.2 [31] 
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