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摘要: 等离子旋转电极制粉技术是当前生产高品质球形金属粉末的重要技术之一，通过电极高速旋转产生的离心力将液膜甩出形成液滴，在惰性气氛中雾化凝固成球形粉末。该技术制备的粉末已成为增材制造、热等静压、表面喷涂等制造技术的重要原料。本文回顾了国内外等离子旋转电极制粉技术的发展历史，综述了近年来国内外发展现状，特别是总结了等离子旋转电极装备和技术在中国的发展情况，指出了该技术尚需研究的科学技术问题和发展方向。Abstract: Plasma rotating electrode process (PREP) is one of the key technologies for producing high quality spherical metal powders. The liquid film is thrown out to form the droplets by the centrifugal force generated by the high-speed rotation of the electrode, which will atomize and solidify into the spherical powders in an inert atmosphere. The metal powders prepared by PREP have become the important raw materials for additive manufacturing, hot isostatic pressing, surface spraying, and other manufacturing technologies. The history and current status of PREP technology at home and abroad were reviewed in this paper, and the development situation of the PREP equipment and technology in China was summarized. Finally, the development trends and the main scientific issues were pointed out for the further research.
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Key words:
- plasma rotating electrode /
- metal powders /
- equipments /
- additive manufacturing /
- powder metallurgy
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图 2 非转移弧型等离子旋转电极制粉技术三棍压紧驱动示意图（a）及原理图（b）
Figure 2. Sketch map of the three-bar compacting drive (a) and the schematic diagram of the non-transfer arc type PREP (b)
图 3 湖南顶立科技有限公司工业级（a）及西安赛隆公司工业级（b）、桌面级（c）及中型（d）转移弧型等离子旋转电极装备
Figure 3. Industrial grade transfer arc PREP equipment of Advanced Corporation for Materials & Equipment (a), and the industrial grade (b), desktop (c), and medium (d) transfer arc PREP equipment of Xi'an Sailong Metal Materials Co., Ltd.
图 6 等离子旋转电极技术制备的难熔金属球形粉末：（a）W粉；（b）Mo粉；（c）Ta粉；（d）Nb粉
Figure 6. Refractory metal spherical powders prepared by PREP: (a) tungsten powders; (b) molybdenum powders; (c) tantalum powders; (d) niobium powders
表 1 典型等离子旋转电极金属粉末氧质量分数和氧增量[1]
Table 1. Oxygen mass fraction and oxygen increment of the typical PREP metal powders[1]
材料 原材料氧质量分数 / ×10‒6 粉末氧质量分数 / ×10‒6 氧增量 / ×10‒6 IN718 54 70 16 TC4 600 700 100 17-4PH 95 130 35 316L 160 200 40 Ta1 20 30 10 W 30 50 20 TiAl4822 560 650 90 Cu(T2) 10 30 20 Mo 75 110 35 注：TiAl4822为Ti48Al2Cr2Nb缩写。 
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表 2 典型等离子旋转电极粉末流动性与松装/振实密度[1]
Table 2. Fluidity and loose/tap density of the typical PREP powders[1]
材料 流动性 / [s·(50g)‒1] 松装密度 / (g·cm‒3) 振实密度 / (g·cm‒3) IN718 12.50 4.74 5.23 TC4 28.30 2.64 2.70 17-4PH 14.10 4.59 4.82 316L 12.80 4.72 4.98 Ta1 6.00 9.97 10.60 W 5.70 11.62 12.00 TiAl4822 29.40 2.30 2.40 Cu(T2) 14.40 5.18 5.70 Mo 11.20 5.98 6.41
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