Pore structure and performance of porous GH4169 superalloys preparedby laser additive manufacturing
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摘要: 利用选区激光熔化技术制备出具有不同孔隙结构的多孔GH4169高温合金材料，对制备样品进行扫描电镜观察以及毛细曲线和压缩应力应变曲线测试，系统研究了孔结构对多孔材料毛细抽吸性能及压缩力学性能的影响。结果表明，随着激光功率从285 W减小到160 W，多孔高温合金样品总孔隙率从3.5%增加到46.1%；随着开孔率从15.6%增加到21.7%，多孔高温合金样品的毛细抽吸速度从4.44 mg/(s·cm3)增加到6.56 mg/(s·cm3)，毛细抽吸质量从91.3 mg/cm3下降到81.7 mg/cm3，毛细抽吸质量的减少可能与样品孔径增大导致毛细力下降有关。孔隙率增加也导致多孔材料样品弹性模量从53 GPa减小到11 GPa，弹性极限从768 MPa减小到217 MPa，孔材料样品均展现出较好的抗压缩变形能力。Abstract: Porous GH4169 superalloy materials with the different pore structures were prepared by selective laser melting technology. The effects of pore structure on the capillary and compressive mechanical properties were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), capillary curves, and compressive stress strain curves. The results show that, the porosity of the porous superalloy specimens increases from 3.5% to 46.1% with decreasing the laser power from 285 W to 160 W. With the increase of porosity from 15.6% to 21.7%, the capillary pumping rate of the porous superalloy specimens increases from 4.44 to 6.56 mg/(s·cm3), and the capillary pumping mass decreases from 91.3 to 81.7 mg/cm3, due to the decrease of capillary force caused by the increased pore size of the porous materials. Increasing the porosity of the porous materials leads to the decrease of elastic modulus from 53 to 11 GPa and the decrease of elastic limit from 768 to 217 MPa. It also can be found that all of the porous superalloy specimens show the good resistance to the compression deformation.
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图 1 GH4169高温合金粉末粒径分布（a）及显微形貌（b）
Figure 1. Particle size distribution (a) and SEM images (b) of the GH4169 powders
图 2 激光增材制造多孔GH4169高温合金样品外观：（a）S1；（b）S2；（c）S3；（d）S4；（e）S5
Figure 2. Appearance of the porous GH4169 superalloy specimens produced by laser additive manufacturing: (a) S1; (b) S2; (c) S3; (d) S4; (e) S5
图 3 毛细抽吸实验的实验装置示意图
Figure 3. Schematic diagram of the capillary pumping experiment device
图 4 激光增材制造多孔GH4169高温合金样品显微形貌：（a）S1；（b）S2；（c）S3；（d）S4；（e）S5
Figure 4. SEM images of the porous GH4169 superalloy specimens produced by laser additive manufacturing: (a) S1; (b) S2; (c) S3; (d) S4; (e) S5
图 5 激光增材制造多孔GH4169高温合金样品孔径分布：（a）S1；（b）S2；（c）S3；（d）S4；（e）S5
Figure 5. Pore size distribution of the porous GH4169 superalloy specimens produced by laser additive manufacturing: (a) S1; (b) S2; (c) S3; (d) S4; (e) S5
图 6 激光增材制造多孔GH4169高温合金样品毛细抽吸曲线
Figure 6. Capillary pumping curves of the porous GH4169 superalloy specimens produced by laser additive manufacturing
图 7 激光增材制造多孔GH4169高温合金样品压缩性能：（a）压缩应力应变曲线；（b）压缩性能随孔隙率变化曲线
Figure 7. Compression performance of the porous GH4169 superalloy specimens produced by laser additive manufacturing: (a) compression stress-strain curves; (b) changes of compression performance with porosity
图 8 激光增材制造多孔GH4169高温合金样品压缩变形前和变形后形貌：（a）变形前；（b）变形后S1；（c）变形后S2；（d）变形后S3；（e）变形后S4；（f）变形后S5
Figure 8. Morphologies of the porous GH4169 superalloy specimens produced by laser additive manufacturing before and after compression deformation: (a) before compression deformation; (b) S1 after compression deformation; (c) S2 after compression deformation; (d) S3 after compression deformation; (e) S4 after compression deformation; (f) S5 after compression deformation
表 1 GH4169合金粉末化学成分（质量分数）
Table 1. Chemical composition of the GH4169 alloy powders
% Ni Fe Cr Mo Nb Ti Al Cu 其他 53.70 16.30 19.20 3.12 4.95 0.98 0.62 0.30 ＜1.00 
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表 2 多孔GH4169高温合金样品激光增材制造工艺参数
Table 2. Laser additive manufacturing process parameters for the porous GH4169 superalloy specimens
样品编号 激光功率 / W 扫描速率 / (mm·s−1) 扫描间隔 / s S1 285 960 0.25 S2 285 960 0.35 S3 200 960 0.25 S4 180 960 0.25 S5 160 960 0.25
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表 3 激光增材制造多孔GH4169高温合金样品密度及孔隙率
Table 3. Density and porosity of the porous GH4169 superalloy specimens produced by laser additive manufacturing
样品编号 密度 / (g·cm−3) 总孔隙率 / % 开孔率 / % S1 7.95 3.5 0.3 S2 7.52 8.7 0.8 S3 7.23 12.2 1.4 S4 5.21 36.8 15.6 S5 4.44 46.1 21.7
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表 4 激光增材制造多孔GH4169高温合金样品毛细性能
Table 4. Capillary performance of the porous GH4169 superalloy specimens produced by laser additive manufacturing
样品编号 抽吸速度 / [mg·(s·cm3)−1] 单位体积抽吸质量 / (mg·cm−3) S4 4.44 91.3 S5 6.56 81.7
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表 5 激光增材制造多孔GH4169高温合金样品压缩性能
Table 5. Compression performance of the porous GH4169 superalloy specimens produced by laser additive manufacturing
样品编号 弹性模量 / GPa 弹性极限 / MPa S1 83±4 768±21 S2 57±2 508±14 S3 45±5 413±23 S4 16±2 221±19 S5 11±1 217±12
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