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摘要: 以新型镍基粉末高温合金FGH4113A（WZ-A3）为研究对象，采用“真空感应熔炼+氩气雾化制粉+热等静压+热挤压+等温锻造”工艺路线制备全尺寸涡轮盘，系统研究了锻造态FGH4113A合金在不同热处理状态下的微观组织和力学性能。结果表明：FGH4113A合金全尺寸涡轮盘宏观形貌良好，微观晶粒组织细小均匀；经亚固溶热处理后，平均晶粒度ASTM 11～13级，室温和550 ℃的屈服强度分别为1249和1185 MPa，抗拉强度分别为1674和1656 MPa，断后伸长率分别为23.5%和19.5%，在温度700 ℃，应变范围0～0.8%，加载频率0.33 Hz条件下的疲劳寿命均值为35000周次；经过固溶热处理后，平均晶粒度ASTM 6～8级，700和800 ℃的屈服强度分别为1063和966 MPa，抗拉强度分别为1403和1112 MPa，断后伸长率分别为17.5%和12.0%，在温度800 ℃，应力330 MPa，蠕变伸长量0.2%条件下的蠕变寿命均值为384 h，在温度700 ℃，应力强度因子范围30 MPa·m0.5条件下的裂纹扩展速率小于5×10−4 mm·cycle−1。Abstract: A novel nickel-based powder metallurgy superalloy FGH4113A (WZ-A3) was used to manufacture the full-size turbine disks by the process route of “vacuum induction melting + argon atomization + hot isostatic pressing + hot extrusion + isothermal forging”. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the forged FGH4113A alloys under the different heat treatment conditions were systematically studied. The results show that, the full-size turbine disks prepared by FGH4113A alloy have the good macro morphology and homogeneous grain structure. After the subsolvus heat treatment, the average grain size is ASTM 11~13, the yield strength at room temperature and 550 ℃ are 1249 and 1185 MPa, the tensile strength are 1674 and 1656 MPa, and the elongation after fracture are 23.5% and 19.5%, respectively. The mean fatigue life under the conditions of temperature 700 ℃, strain range 0~0.8% and loading frequency 0.33 Hz is 35000 cycles. After the supersolvus heat treatment, the average grain size is ASTM 6~8, the yield strength at 700 ℃ and 800 ℃ are 1063 and 966 MPa, the tensile strength are 1403 and 1112 MPa, and the elongation after fracture are 17.5% and 12.0%, respectively. The mean creep life under the conditions of temperature 800 ℃, stress 330 MPa and creep elongation 0.2% is 384 h. The crack propagation rate under the conditions of temperature 700 ℃ and stress intensity factor range 30 MPa·m0.5 is less than 5×10−4 mm·cycle−1.
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图 1 FGH4113A合金涡轮盘锻造毛坯宏观形貌
Figure 1. Forging blank macro-morphology of the FGH4113A alloy turbine disks
图 2 低周疲劳试样尺寸示意图（单位，mm）
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of the low cycle fatigue specimen size (unit, mm)
图 3 CT裂纹扩展试样尺寸示意图（单位，mm）
Figure 3. Schematic diagram of the CT crack growth specimen size (unit, mm)
图 4 锻造态FGH4113A合金显微组织形貌：（a）光学显微镜；（b）扫描电镜
Figure 4. Microstructure morphology of the forged FGH4113A superalloys: (a) OM; (b) SEM
图 5 亚固溶态FGH4113A合金显微组织形貌：（a）光学显微镜；（b）扫描电镜
Figure 5. Microstructure morphology of the FGH4113A superalloys after the subsolvus heat treatment: (a) OM; (b) SEM
图 6 过固溶态FGH4113A合金显微组织形貌：（a）光学显微镜；（b）扫描电镜
Figure 6. Microstructure morphology of the FGH4113A superalloys after the supersolvus heat treatment: (a) OM; (b) SEM
图 7 FGH4113A合金与其它典型粉末高温合金拉伸性能：（a）屈服强度；（b）抗拉强度
Figure 7. Tensile properties of FGH4113A and the typical PM superalloys: (a) yield strength; (b) tensile strength
图 8 FGH4113A合金与其它典型粉末高温合金蠕变性能
Figure 8. Creep properties of FGH4113A and the typical PM superalloys
图 9 FGH4113A合金与LSHR合金低周疲劳性能
Figure 9. Low cycle fatigue properties of FGH4113A and LSHR superalloys
图 10 FGH4113A合金低周疲劳典型裂纹源：（a）平台型；（b）氧化铝夹杂型
Figure 10. Typical crack sources of the low cycle fatigue in FGH4113A superalloys: (a) plane facet; (b) alumina inclusion
图 11 FGH4113A合金与LSHR合金裂纹扩展性能
Figure 11. Crack growth properties of FGH4113A and LSHR superalloys
表 1 FGH4113A及几种典型镍基粉末高温合金的名义化学成分[9–13]（质量分数）
Table 1. Chemical composition of FGH4113A and the several typical Ni-based PM superalloys[9–13]
% 合金 Co Cr Mo W Al Ti Nb Ta Hf、Zr、B、C Ni FGH4113A 19.0 13.0 4.0 4.0 3.0 3.7 1.2 1.0 微量 余量 RR1000 18.5 15.0 5.0 — 3.0 3.6 — 1.9 微量 余量 René104 (ME3) 20.7 12.8 3.8 2.0 3.4 3.7 0.9 2.3 微量 余量 LSHR 20.4 12.5 2.7 4.3 3.5 3.5 1.5 1.6 微量 余量 FGH98 20.4 12.7 3.8 2.1 3.5 3.7 0.9 2.4 微量 余量 FGH99 20.0 13.0 2.7 4.3 3.6 3.5 1.5 1.6 微量 余量 ME501 18.0 12.0 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.0 1.5 4.8 微量 余量 Alloy A 23.4 13.6 3.0 1.6 2.9 4.0 — 3.8 微量 余量 Alloy B 23.3 13.5 3.0 1.6 2.9 4.0 1.6 3.7 微量 余量 TSNA-1 19.0 10.9 2.6 4.5 2.9 3.0 1.4 5.0 微量 余量 
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